【正文】 health standard integration, labor standard in international trade, increase the liability and necessity importance of maintaining safety produce, entering into the cycle of international trade. We will strengthen the stress of Occupational Safety amp。 health standard integration, labor standard with international trade, it is necessary for us to deeply analyze and discover its advantage and disadvantage and seek the relative measurement to realize the win/win of the safety production and economic development. Here we will take the economics analysis on relation of safety cost and international trade in a short time. As for an export enterprise, the cost of safety protection will influence their product’s price as well as the export price, which will influence their parative advantage. Objectively speaking, there are some countries dare not take active steps on safety protection, they worry about the strict safety protection will influence their product international petition. A. Influence of Safety Invest to the Total Cost in Export Goods Increasing the safety invest, preventive charge or taking measurement according to accident, occupation disease, as for the total cost of export product, it perhaps will have the following influence： 1) If we adapt some aftermeasurement to deal with accidents and occupation disease, it will increase negative safety invest, therefore, it will increase the total cost the export goods. 2) If we reduce the accidents in production, occupation disease by safety production, it is possible to increase or decrease the safety invest, thus it is uncertain to raise the total cost of export goods. But it need the conditions of high safety technology, high oneoff invest, high safety training and higher management. In the following analysis, we do not consider the condition of realizing the win/win both economic development and safety protection. 3) if we are lack of safety invest, preventive charge or taking measurement according to accident, occupation disease, there are two possibilities: firstly, frequent productive accidents, occupation disease make tremendous loss, influence mon production, then it can threaten native export, force the enterprises to prevent and control the accidents, thus increase the total cost。 health condition. The developed countries are do their utmost to take the same activity and pander International Labor Organization (ILO) to carry out this strategy. By the end of 90s in 20th, International Labor Organization tried to turn Occupational Safety amp。勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)一，將增加成本和負(fù)擔(dān)，這將削弱他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)，導(dǎo)致的削弱或關(guān)閉發(fā)展國(guó)家的對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)。 2） 在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中小國(guó)家如果他們?cè)黾影踩顿Y，總成本會(huì)上升，一般來說，小的國(guó)家是國(guó)際價(jià)格的接收器，他們不能彌補(bǔ)價(jià)格上升，所以它可以影響出口商品。在一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中地區(qū)和城市，一些 完整的企業(yè)正盡其最大努力影響國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。假設(shè)的雇員人數(shù)是出口貨物的總成本成正比。的兩個(gè)締約方承諾的比例取決于供給曲線和需求曲線的形狀。 Sx 是不大的國(guó)家這樣做出口供給曲線采取措施，防止事故，職業(yè)疾病國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格是 Pl，出口數(shù)量是 Q1， produce 盈余，大的國(guó)家可以獲得的出口貨物是 PlElA。 我們必須指出，如果發(fā)生意外，占領(lǐng)疾病會(huì)惡化本機(jī)安全，它可以直接威脅到出口貨物的質(zhì)量。 S 是小國(guó)家的出口供給曲線缺乏安全的投資，或不采取措施，防止事故、 職業(yè)疾病。 3） 如果我們?nèi)狈Π踩顿Y，預(yù)防性收費(fèi)或根據(jù)事故采取措施，有兩種可能性： 第一，頻繁的生產(chǎn)性事故、 職業(yè)疾病造成巨大的損失，影響共同生產(chǎn)，然后它可以威脅到本國(guó)出口，迫使企業(yè)要防止和控制事故，因此增加總成本 ；第二，生產(chǎn)性事故、 職業(yè)疾病導(dǎo)致一些損失，但它沒有威脅到本國(guó)出口，因此可以不用采取措施減少總出口成本。 二、安全成本和國(guó)際貿(mào)易關(guān)系的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析 根據(jù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的行動(dòng)，涉及職業(yè)安全和健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一體化，國(guó)際貿(mào)易與勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們深深地分析發(fā)現(xiàn)其優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)，并尋求相對(duì)措施以實(shí)現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的雙贏是很有必要的。 衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一體化的影響下，國(guó)際勞動(dòng)由組織試圖把職業(yè)安全和健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理系統(tǒng) (OSHSMS)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轭愃频?ISO 9000 和 ISO 14000。 一些工業(yè)化國(guó)家如美國(guó)和歐洲聯(lián)盟加速國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展和發(fā)展中國(guó)家參與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易獲得越來越多的變化。在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的背景下，這是八十年代末，出現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一的安全和健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的趨勢(shì) (HSHS)。 在北美洲自由的貿(mào)易區(qū)也有一些規(guī)定： 只有采取同一職業(yè)安全和健康的國(guó)家或地區(qū)，可以在自由貿(mào)易區(qū)出席參與國(guó)際貿(mào)易，他們所期望抵制的國(guó)家或地區(qū)，減少他們勞動(dòng)保護(hù) （低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）的輸入，他們想要制裁和責(zé)怪那些不愿意改善其壞的職業(yè)安全和健康情況國(guó)家或地區(qū)。派生的勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如世貿(mào)組織就是國(guó)際組織中的重點(diǎn)之一 并且受到越來越多的國(guó)家關(guān)注。 2） 如果我們減少在生產(chǎn)中事故的發(fā)生，通過安全生產(chǎn)造成的職業(yè)疾病，它是可能增加或減少安全投資，因而不能確定提高出口商品的總成本。 在中圖 1， X 軸表示給定的產(chǎn)品出口數(shù)量和 Y 軸表示的價(jià)格和成本的出口貨物。在圖 1 中，安全保護(hù)對(duì)出口的不利影響小國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)向 左轉(zhuǎn) （從 S 到 S39。 在圖 2 中， X 軸和 Y 軸顯示相同的變量圖 1。因此，防止事故，職業(yè)疾病使出口供給 曲線移動(dòng)（從 S39。如果教育署 即是說，價(jià)格上漲 1 ％，需求將會(huì)小于 1%。 借鑒國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn) [8]，我們應(yīng)建立和完善生產(chǎn)和法律安全監(jiān)管體系，頒布和執(zhí)行安全生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃，建立強(qiáng)大的安全生產(chǎn)目的論 ；在此同時(shí)，我國(guó)出口企業(yè)應(yīng)適應(yīng)目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)包括綠色安全生產(chǎn)、 研究和開發(fā)綠色、 安全的產(chǎn)品，是對(duì)安全保護(hù)和公眾的健康，提高 [ 7] 國(guó)際貿(mào)易的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很有好處。如果小國(guó)家采取積極行動(dòng)增加安全的投資， 然后總成本包括生產(chǎn)成本、 費(fèi)用的事故和預(yù)防職業(yè)疾病成本，小國(guó)家的生產(chǎn)者將承擔(dān)總的費(fèi)用上升帶來的損失。因此，對(duì)他們采取提高安全投資和預(yù)防性的費(fèi)用的條件下，雖然成本和價(jià)格將上升但收入總額將增加。 Health make the developed countries in the unfavorable position on the cost, price and trade petition. They think it is unacceptable for “unfair” which caused by reducing the productive cost for the lack of improving the labor conditions in developing countries. They take the same steps to press and restrict to developing countries. On many international meetings of Economy and Trade and Occupational Safety amp。 health according to the quality reference [1]. Since the third quarter of 1999, ILO began to carry out internationalized occupational safety amp。 on the contrary, the producers in export countries will undertake more proportion of the total cost. In Fig. 2, the total ine of given export product in big countries is P1E1Q1O in the condition that they do not take active steps to prevent accidents, occupation disease and are lack of safety incest。 as for the developing countries, the lower export cost of laborintensive products is one of their parative advantages. The uniform of labor standard will increase the cost and burden which will weaken their advantage and lead to weaken or close the foreign trade of the developing countries.