【正文】 使用透視規(guī)則和 按照透視法縮短來準(zhǔn)確完成這些轉(zhuǎn)換（見 74 頁）。圖表顯示全身以五個頭高的高度為基礎(chǔ)。 精靈 小矮人 在動畫圖紙上（鉛筆畫），一群 五 顏六色 的小人聚集在一起 打保齡球 。 學(xué)會從各個角度畫手。 在本頁上的圖是基于兩點(diǎn)透視。 使用這個準(zhǔn)則，你可以在任何位置畫這 個角色和學(xué)習(xí)成為一名動畫師?？吹?102 頁“四條腿的運(yùn)動圖解”中的“奔跑”作為參考。 由于他們的比例，這些角色在性格和形狀上有很大的不同。 一個動畫師必須能夠從各個角度畫畫。解釋的方法包括骨骼形態(tài)與圓形和環(huán)形結(jié)合的使用。前面的兩個牙是很重要的，為角色添加表情。 為頭添加透視指南。 畫 出 動作線，然后在它基礎(chǔ)上建立橢圓形身體和圓形腦袋。 添加細(xì)節(jié)到它們的位置。然后畫透視指南使其有特征。 可愛的角色 可愛的小貓 用圓形和橢圓形畫出小貓的身體。請注意眼睛反映出每個擠壓和拉伸的表情。 面部表情 動畫師的這個工作和一個實(shí)景圖片演員的工作是相同的。 更多的頭部構(gòu)建 所有生動的動畫人物都可以被變成一個基礎(chǔ)公式。把蛋放在各個位置，并畫同樣的臉。 在第一個形狀周圍畫一個橢圓形指南從中間區(qū)分開臉。圓形的，梨形的身體支撐圓形的頭給整體角色增加了趣味性。 站姿（固體狀） —— 畫一條“作用線”通過三維部分去組織和設(shè)置姿勢或者行為。比如，重要人物，好斗的 性格有一個小頭，大的胸部或者身體部位，重的胳膊和腿，以及下顎和下巴通常凸出，可愛的性格是基于一個與橢圓型身體成比例的大頭嬰兒的比例。 這個步驟應(yīng)遵循你創(chuàng)造的這個角色是一個人類，一個動物，或者你想要帶來生命的無生命物體（例如，在電腦上畫一張臉并使它跳舞）。s face to know that she is wicked. Kids Kids e in all shapes and sizes. Young children have large heads and short legs, and their doves are slightly pearshaped with a protruding tummy (like the cute character, see page 32). As kids grow older, the proportions change , they are more lanky and awkward looking. The head for this type remains a bit large. The young heroine The proportions of this character are different than those of the children on the previous pages. Use the chart below as a guide to draw this young girl. The chart shows the full figure proportions based on a height of five head lengths. The legs are half of the height (2 1/2 heads), the waist is two heads from the top. And the arms and hands are a little over two heads long. Use this scale to draw the young girl accurately in any position. First do the rough construction drawings. Facial features move with the head: up and down and sideways. The position and angle of the eyes change with the head movement, they must be drawn to look in the direction specified by the head position. Here the change is from a 3/4 front view to a 3/4 back view where the eyes ape not seen at all. Use the rules of perspective and foreshortening to acplish these transitions accurately (see page 74). Model sheet drawings, like the ones on this page, are issued to the animator as a guide when he or she picks up the scene from the director. Draw the basic figure by using the chart from above. Then draw the clothes over the figure. You would see these drawings on the screen for two frames or 1/12 of a second (see page 196). 中文翻譯： 第一章：人物 可以 創(chuàng)建和發(fā)展原有的卡通人物是一個令人興奮的經(jīng)歷。t expect to always get the skeleton right on the first try nobody can do that! Experiment… D iscard... make several drawings, then pick the best one. Be sure to work loosely when constructing the character. Work out a skeleton, construct body masses around it, and then build detail over the masses. Construction of the head Think of the head as a rounded mass: it is either ballshaped, pearshaped or eggshaped. In animation the head shape may change perspective and form many times during a scene. To simplify matters, a framework in proper perspective must be drawn first, then the details are constructed over this form. 1/ this character starts with a ball shape. 2/ draw an elliptical guideline around the first shape that will divide the face in the middle lengthwise. This determines the tilt of the head. 3/ draw the eye guideline at right angles to the second circle. This sets the face up or down. 4/ the base of the eyes and the top of the nose tie into the eye line. The perspective makes the left eye bigger than the right eye. 5/ now the details are drawn over the framework. Start with an egg shape draw guidelines around it, and then draw the face. Turn the egg in various positions and draw the same face. Animation presents the same challenge! Add a few details and draw these heads in every position using the egg as a guide. Cartoon studios often make small clay models to help the animator draw difficult characters from different angles. Egg head model method The egg is the basis of a great many cartoon heads. Draw an egg like this and study it from all angles. Add details and design some original heads of your own. Watch the perspective change as you tip or tilt the egg model. Following the center and middle guide lines will help you construct heads. More head construction All animated cartoon characters can be reduced to a basic formula. This formula makes them easier to master and ensures uniformity throughout a film, even if several different artists work on the same character. / draw an oval with perspective guidelines. / add nose construction, make sure it fits solidly. / now draw ovals for the eyes. / be aware of the perspective when constructing the remaining details. Study this basic formula, then draw the dog in different positions. Assemble these heads as though they were solid and hinged together. Facial expressions The job of an animator is the same as the job of an actor in