【正文】 s distance is easy. Use the Flash/Bang (F/B) technique. For every count of five from the time of seeing the lightning stroke to hearing the associated thunder, lightning is one mile away. A F/B of 10 = 2 miles。 protect all relevant secondary distribution panels。 烏曼，馬丁，閃電，多佛出版社，紐約， 1984。 7。哈瑟，體育，低電壓系統(tǒng)，彼得 Peregrinus 出版社，倫敦， 1992 年過電壓保護(hù)。沒有絕對(duì)理想的防雷措施。一個(gè)最普通的應(yīng)用是，被用來作為 AC 線路電源斷開到雷電到來之前的備用電源。避雷設(shè)備可以 是電流分散，濾波器的特定頻率，鉗位組合等都是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)功能的組合。高頻率性能是頻譜變化速度非常迅速的，達(dá)到 10 微秒的峰值電流。引下線不可以涂漆，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)增加阻抗。一些公共事業(yè)如架空線、變電所喜歡屏蔽電線。我們就會(huì)看到閃電。在美國每年因雷電造成的火災(zāi)超過 26000 起，財(cái)產(chǎn)損失在 56 億美元。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 )外文資料翻譯 系 （院）： 電子與電氣工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 外文出處： ( 用外文寫 ) Baidu library 附 件： ； 。 地球上的雷擊現(xiàn)象，按目前的技術(shù)角度來看，遵循一個(gè)近似的規(guī)律： 1。 閃電效果可以直接也可能是間接的。在某些情況下，沒有任何避雷裝置的使用是最適當(dāng)?shù)?。漸進(jìn)彎曲半徑最小為八英寸，應(yīng)采取避免閃絡(luò)的方式。低頻率分量延續(xù)時(shí)間長，是一種高能量后續(xù)的沖擊電流。電壓鉗位器件可以處理極高峰值的浪涌，以及具有減少極快的上升沿瞬態(tài)的能力。用戶應(yīng)提防過度依靠設(shè)備，因?yàn)檫@不是每次都可用的。因?yàn)殚W電可能超出每一個(gè)人的想象。 4。莫里斯， i， .，火箭引雷研究的重要資產(chǎn)，在行業(yè)的應(yīng)用，卷匯刊保護(hù)。 11。 protect all valuable plugin devices such as process control instrumentation, puters, printers, fire alarms, data recording amp。 a F/B of 20 = 4 miles, etc. Since the distance from Strike A to Strike B to Strike C can be as much as 58 miles. Be conservative and suspend activities when you first hear thunder, if possible. Do not resume outdoor activities until 20 minutes has past from the last observable thunder or lightning. Organizations should adopt a Lightning Safety Policy and integrate it into their overall safety plan. Testing Modern diagnostic testing is available to mimic the performance of lightning conducting devices as well as to indicate the general route of lightning through structures. This testing typically is low power, 50 watt or less. It is traceable, but will not trip MOVs, gas tube arrestors, or other transient protection devices. Knowing the behavior of an event prior to occurrence is every businessman39。 stay off the telephone. If caught outdoors during nearby lightning, adopt the Lightning Safety Position (LSP). LSP means staying away from other people, taking off all metal objects, crouching with feet together, head bowed, and placing hands on ears to reduce acoustic shock. Measuring lightning39。s foot radial techniques can lower impedance as they allow lightning energy to diverge as each buried conductor shares voltage gradients. Ground rings around structures are useful. They should be connected to the facility ground. Exothermic (welded) connectors are remended in all circumstances. Cathodic reactance should be considered during the site analysis phase. Manmade earth additives and backfills are useful in difficult soils circumstances: they should be considered on a casebycase basis where lowering grounding impedances are difficult an/or expensive by traditional means. Regular physical inspections and testing should be a part of an established preventive maintenance program. Transients and Surges