【正文】 如果沒有余糧可用，農(nóng)民就不能自給自足。 [同義 ] beg, entreat ,implore, plead [派生 ] appealing / E5pi:liN / adj. 吸引人的 , 哀訴似的 , 懇求似的 [固定搭配 ] appeal to向 ...呼吁 [請求 ]； obtain / Eb5tein / vt. 獲得 , 得到 [例 ] I haven39。 三、 考研核心詞匯 establish / is5tAbliF / vt . 建立 , 設(shè)立 , 安置 , 使定居 , 使人民接受 , 確定 v. 建立 [例 ] The club has established a new rule allowing women to join. 俱樂部制定了一條新規(guī)章 ,允許婦女入會。在這里，因人員傷害而 損失的時間便會保持在最低水平。 [同義 ] distress [反義 ] happiness / 5hApinis / n. 幸福 , 快樂 [派生 ] miserable / 5mizErEbl / adj. 痛苦的 , 悲慘的 , 可憐 preceding / pri(:)5si:diN / adj. 在前的 , 前述的 [例 ] the preceding night 前 一晚 [同義 ] previous, prior ,former [派生 ] precede / pri(:)5si:d / v. 領(lǐng)先 (于 ), 在 ...之前 , 先于 abundance / E5bQndEns / n. 豐富 , 充裕 , 豐富充裕 [例 ] The tree yields an abundance of fruit. 這樹結(jié)果甚多。 [同義 ] devoted, dutiful, faithful, obedient, true, trustworthy [反義 ] disloyal / dis5lCiEl / adj. 不忠的 , 背叛的 , 不忠誠的 [派生 ] loyalty / 5lCIEltI / n. 忠誠 , 忠心 四、 強化練習 1. Buying a train or a bus ticket used to be a major hassle. Now any hotel or travel ________ can book your tickets A. resource B. recollection C. agency D. agony 2. He’s just like a fly hanging around. Sorry, not a fly. It’s a________ of flies flying near your ears A. bunch B. swarm C. lump D. pile 3. They were ________, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. A. giant B. clever C. delight D. light 4. Nowadays the average age at which people settle down and marry is much older than it was 30 years ago, so singles will tend to have more________ ine.‖ A. dependent B. redundant C. professional D. disposable 5. John Mills was a great actor, a true gentleman and a ________ friend。 即使美國的經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)恢復(fù)，兼職和臨時工的人數(shù)也還是不斷增加。 [同義 ] clear, evident, obvious, plain, seeming [反義 ] hidden / 5hidn / v. hide 的過去分詞 adj. 隱藏的 [派生 ] apparently / E5pArEntlI / adv. 顯然地 arrange / E5reindV / v. 安排 , 排列 , 協(xié)商 [例 ] In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order. 詞典里的詞是按字母順序編排的。 各種維生素都很相似，因為它們由同樣的元素構(gòu)成，一般包括碳、氫、氧，有時還有氮。\u40614X克阿瑟）。最近睡眠研究協(xié)會在明尼阿波利斯舉行的會議上，專家們首次描 述的一些新實驗，對非 REM 睡眠的作用的闡釋令人興奮。 干涉 , 干擾； prehension /7kCmpri5henFEn/ n. 理解 , 包含 [例 ] Reading depends on the prehension of the ideas expressed by the words used. 閱讀有賴于對所用詞句所表達的含義的理解。 而且，詞義不準確或不明確的詞使聽話人難于聽懂傳遞給他的信息。 Unit 1 一、真題文章 (1994 年 ) 2020 考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng) 新東方 印建坤坤版權(quán)所有，知識寶庫考研社區(qū)精心制作 The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the munication cycle. Too often careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his prehension。說話人的常用詞匯中如沒有詳細而精 確的詞的話，就不可能用聽話人能理解的方式進行解釋或描述。 [同義 ] apprehension [反義 ] inprehension / in7kCmpri5henFEn / n. 不了解 , 不領(lǐng)悟 [派生 ] prehensive /7kCmpri5hensiv/ adj. 全面的 , 廣泛的 , 能充分理解的 , 包容的 prehend /7kCmpri5hend/ vt. 領(lǐng)會 , 理解 , 包括 (包含 ), 由 ...組成 hence / hens / adv. 因此 , 從此 [例 ] They grew up in the Sudan。 例如，人們早已了解到，完全剝奪其睡眠對老鼠具 有 100%的致命性，然而，在檢查老鼠尸體時，這些動物 看上去完全正常。 [同義 ] deadly, destructive, disastrous, fateful, important, killing [派生 ] fatally / 5feItElI / adv. 致命地 , 宿命地 , 不幸地 bacterial / bAk`tIErIEl / adj. 細菌的 [例 ] bacterial diseases. 細菌性疾病 [派生 ] bacteria / bAk5tiEriE / n. 細菌 immune / i5mju:n / adj. 免疫的 [例 ] The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police. 罪犯被告知說 ,如果他協(xié)助警方 ,就可以免受懲罰。各種維生素的不 同之處在于，各種維生素的元素排列不同，同時每種維生素在人體內(nèi)都有一種或多種特別的作用。 [同義 ] adapt, catalog, classify, fit, anize, settle [反義 ] derange / di5reindV / vt. 使錯亂 , 擾亂 , 使精神錯亂 , 使發(fā)狂 disturb / dis5tE:b / vt. 弄亂 , 打亂 , 打擾 , 擾亂 v. 擾亂 [派生 ] arrangement / E5reindVmEnt / n. 排列 , 安排 [固定搭配 ] arrange for 安排 , 準備； arrange with sb. about ； essential / i5senFEl / adj. 本質(zhì)的 , 實質(zhì)的 , 基本的 , 提煉的 , 精華的 n. 本質(zhì) , 實質(zhì) , 要素 , 要點 [例 ] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems? 這 兩種經(jīng)濟體制的本質(zhì)區(qū)別是什么 ? [同義 ] basic, fundamental, important, necessary, needed, required [派生 ] essentiality / i7senFi5Aliti / n. 本性 , 真髓 , 本質(zhì) , 重要性 excess / ik5ses, 5ekses / n. 過度 , 剩于 , 無節(jié)制 , 超過 , 超額 adj. 過度的 , 額外的 [例 ] You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane. 在飛機上你得付超重的行李費。這種 ―一次性 ‖的就業(yè)大軍是當今美國經(jīng)濟的 最重要的趨勢，而且它從根本上改變了個人與職業(yè)的關(guān)系。 someone who made us proud to be British, Blair said in a statement. A. loyal B. liar C. gangster D. predominant 答案： CBADA Unit 5 一、 真題文章 Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a pletely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, however, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 二、 譯文 直到不久以前，絕大部分歷史學家對工業(yè)革命仍持批評的態(tài)度。 [同義 ] plenty , profusion [反義 ] lack / lAk / n. 缺乏 , 短缺的東西 vt. 缺乏 , 沒有 , 需要 vi. 缺乏 , 沒有 [派生 ] abundant / E