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[ A] 提出對照 [ B] 證實一種假定的合理性 [ C] 進(jìn)行對比 [ D] 解釋一種現(xiàn)象 22. 這也是猴子的行為 這一說法暗示著。如果一只猴子無需交出石頭就能得到葡萄,另一只會把石頭扔向研究人員進(jìn)行報復(fù)或扔出籠外,還有的會拒絕接受這么一小條黃瓜。最重要的是,這兩支雌猴像參照物人類女性一樣,比起男性來更能關(guān)注 給什么貨,就服什么務(wù) 的價值。 A 錯,因為 social emotions 是猴子們先天具有的(見 The researchers suggest that...一句),不需要去 develop(培養(yǎng)), C、 D明顯錯誤。此題的關(guān)鍵是問選雌猴最可能的原因,當(dāng)然從above all 后邊找答案。第一段講了,人遇到不公平會憤怒,所以 猴之常情 表明猴也會如此,故選 B。 21.[答案] C [解析]這是一篇心理學(xué)方面的文章。 [ A]詩歌不像繪畫和音樂那樣能表達(dá)歡樂 [ B]藝術(shù)是從人們的正面和負(fù)面情感中產(chǎn)生出來的 [ C]如今的詩人對幸??鞓凡荒敲磻岩闪? [ D]藝術(shù)家們已經(jīng)改變了他們的興趣點 bummer的意思是。 歡慶吧! ,治療關(guān)節(jié)炎的新藥 西樂葆 在廣告中這么呼喊,但不久我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)它能增加我們患心臟病的風(fēng)險。于是,反歡樂藝術(shù)也 就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。 情況并非總是如此。選項 C 說:悲慘苦難應(yīng)被欣賞而不是被否認(rèn)。你看:廣告中快餐食用者們、新聞主持者們、郵差信使們,大家都在微笑,微笑,微笑 ......甚至雜 志的封面人物也都在微笑 ......。 36.[答案] D [解析]本文談了藝術(shù)家對人生不幸的理解。 難句 2 The rise of anti happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a mercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. [語法分析] 1. 本句主干結(jié)構(gòu) 是 The rise of anti happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media; 2. and with it 是 a mercial culture 的前置定語, it 指 the emergence of mass media; 3. a mercial culture 后面是 in which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾 a mercial culture; [本句難點]主要是從句關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜; [方法對策] 首先找出句子的主干,然后再分析從句關(guān)系和從句主干; [例句精譯](廣告等)大眾傳媒的出現(xiàn)帶來了一種商業(yè)文化。這種商業(yè)文化不僅把歡樂看成是理想,甚至還看成是一種意識形態(tài)。本題問: 作者引用兩位詩人作例子是想說 看完頭兩段可知:作者說:藝術(shù)只能描寫人類的負(fù)面感情,即人類的悲哀嗎?不,早期的藝術(shù)主要是描述人類歡樂的!但是(又是這個討厭卻非常重要的 但是 ),自從兩詩人出現(xiàn)后,風(fēng)向變了,更多的藝術(shù)家們開始把幸福歡樂看作是平淡的、虛偽的、甚至是討厭的東西!可見引用兩詩人是為了說明風(fēng)向變了,故選 D。最專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)資料下載網(wǎng)站 最專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)資料下載網(wǎng)站 既然這些廣告的目的只有一個:讓我們打開錢包,那么,廣告向人們宣傳的快樂幸福是多么不可相信( unreliable 不可靠,不可信)。原文可沒這么說,原文只說是: 幸??鞓凡辉谟谝裾J(rèn)痛苦,而在于要能容忍它( living with it)。早期的藝術(shù)形式,如繪畫和音樂,是最適合描寫歡樂的。 對早期的人們來說,周圍的一切都提醒著苦難:他們一直工作,直到累得筋疲力盡,生活幾無保障,年紀(jì)輕輕就命喪黃泉。 我們所忘掉的一點 我們經(jīng)濟(jì)所依賴的正是人們的遺忘 是:幸福不僅僅是沒有痛苦的歡樂而已。 [ A]宗教的 [ B]令人不快的 [ C]愉快的 [ D]商業(yè)性的 ,廣告。講得是人類遇到不公平就會義憤填膺,這是 人之常情 。至于 A:猴會對懶惰的對手感到憤怒, C:猴跟人一樣會互相嫉妒,第一段中并無此意。至于 B 、 C、 D,要不文中未提及,要不為次要原因。 人人都喜歡工資暴漲。(換言之,它們對事情的公平與否更為敏感。 事實上,一個籠舍里葡萄的存在(就算是沒有猴子在吃),就足以引起另一只猴子憤憤不平了。 [ A] 猴子對偷懶的對手也很憤慨 [ B] 對不公平感到義憤也是猴子的本能 [ C] 猴子與人一樣也會相互嫉妒 [ D] 沒有其他動物會同猴子一樣有如此的情感 23. 選雌卷尾猴為研究對象是因為它們。 21. 在起始段,作者通過引入主題。當(dāng)一只猴子用代用品去交換葡萄時,另一只是不愿意用代用品來交換黃瓜的。它們看起來很可愛,溫順合作,總是能分享食物。 25.[答案] B [解析]推理題,依據(jù)文章末句可以推出此結(jié)論。 weigh 是 掂量 的意思。 22.[答案] B [解析]問題: 這種情況也是猴之常情 這句話什么含義?推理題。 難句 4 However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the mon ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. [結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 1. 本句主語是 whether...or...連接的兩個句子,謂 語是 is,賓語是 an unanswered question; 2. ancestor 后面的 that 引導(dǎo)一個定語從句,修飾 the mon ancestor; [本句難點]主句主語是 whether...or...連接的兩個句子,比較長,且其中包含一個定語從句; [方法對策]注意主句主語中的連接詞: whether...or...,本句的謂語和賓語比較簡單; [例句精譯]但是,這種憤憤不平之心是人類和猴子獨立地進(jìn)化出來的,還是他們?nèi)灏偃f年前從老祖先那遺傳來的,這一問題尚沒有定論。 :。 而既然這些信息只有一個意圖 誘使我們打開自己的錢包 這就使快樂幸福的想法顯得多么不可相信。這種商業(yè)文化不僅把歡樂看成是理想,甚至還看成是一種意識形態(tài)。 有許多事情讓人們認(rèn)為藝術(shù)家很怪異,而最怪異之處在于:藝術(shù)家們的惟一工作是探索感情,但他們卻寧肯集中精力描寫人類感情中悲哀的一面。原文只是說: 歡樂幸福的事物中常會 carry 一些未來潛在loss and disappointment 的可能性,并未說幸福會以 sadness 結(jié)束。 38.[答案] D [解析]作者認(rèn)為:廣告只是給人們制造了某種虛幻的幸福。幸福快樂不 在于要否認(rèn)這一點,而在于要能容忍這一點。 TEXT 4 Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But some where in the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost pletely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a mercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass munication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but mercial, and forever happy. Fast food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling,smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agendato lure us to open our walletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. Celebrate! manded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. What we fetwhat our economy depends on us fettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness es not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitte r than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. 36. By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that . [