【正文】 irdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But some where in the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost pletely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a mercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass munication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but mercial, and forever happy. Fast food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling,smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agendato lure us to open our walletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. Celebrate! manded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. What we fetwhat our economy depends on us fettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness es not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitte r than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. 36. By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that . ［ A］ poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music ［ B］ art grows out of both positive and negative feelings ［ C］ poets today are less skeptical of happiness ［ D］ artists have changed their focus of interest 37. The word bummer (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something . ［ A］ religious ［ B］ unpleasant ［ C］ entertaining ［ D］ mercial 38. In the author’s opinion, adve rtising . ［ A］ emerges in the wake of the anti happy art ［ B］ is a cause of disappointment for the general public ［ C］ replaces the church as a major source of information ［ D］ creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself 39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes . ［ A］ happiness more often than not ends in sadness ［ B］ the anti happy art is distasteful but refreshing ［ C］ misery should be enjoyed rather than denied ［ D］ the anti happy art flourishes when economy booms 40. Which of the following is true of the text? ［ A］ Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. ［ B］ Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. ［ C］ People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society. ［ D］ Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths. agenda2 anchor2 n.① 錨； ② 新聞節(jié)目主持人； ，停泊 argue19 v.① 爭論，辯論； ② 認為，主張，論證； ③ 說服 author69 n.① 作者； ② 創(chuàng)始人 average17 （數）； a.① 平均的； ② 普通的，一般的； ，均分 balance5 ，（使）平衡； n.① 天平，秤； ② 平衡，均衡 ； ③ 差額，結余，余款 beam1 n.① （橫）梁，桁條； ② （光線的）束，柱； v.① 微笑； ② 發(fā)光 boom7 v.① 繁榮，興旺； ② 發(fā)出隆隆聲； n.① 繁榮，興??； ② 隆隆聲； ③ 激增 cause28 n.① 原因，理由； ② 事業(yè)，事件，奮斗目標； ，引起 celebrity1 ，名人 cite3 ，引證，舉（例） mand2 n.① 命令，指令； ② 統(tǒng)帥，指揮（權）； ③ 掌握，運用能力； v.① 命令，要求； ② 指揮，統(tǒng)帥； ③ 掌握，控制 mercial5 ，商務的，貿易的 munication11 n.① 通訊，傳達； ② ［ pl.］通訊系統(tǒng)； ③ ［ pl.］交通（工具）； ④ 交流 create20 v.① 創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作； ② 引起，造成，建立 最專業(yè)的學習資料下載網站 最專業(yè)的學習資料下載網站 culture21 n.① 修養(yǎng)，教養(yǎng)； ② 文化，文明 damn1 dedicate5 ，把 ...用在 deny5 v.① 否認，否定； ② 拒絕 depend16 v.（ on）取決于，依靠，信賴，相信 depict1 ，描寫 disappoint3 ，使掃興 disaster2 ，天災 economy29 n.① 節(jié)約； ② 經濟 emerge9 ，出現(xiàn) emotion4 ，情感 era2 ，年代，階段，紀元 evil1 ，罪惡的； ，罪惡 exhaust1 v.① 使筋疲力盡，耗盡； ② 抽完，汲干； n.① 排氣裝置； ② 廢氣 expectation2 ，期望，指望 explore4 v.① 勘探，探測； ② 探究，探索 express4 達，表示； ，快速的； ，快運 expression9 n.① 表達，表示； ② 短語，詞句，措詞； ③ 式，符號 feature9 n.① 特征，特色； ② （報紙或雜志）特寫； ③ 容貌，面貌； flourish2 ，茂盛，興旺 focus12 ，（活動，興趣等的）中心； v.（ on/upon）使聚集，集中 function10 n.① 功能，作用； ② ［ pl.］職務，職責； ③ 函數； ideal5 a.① 理想的，完美的； ② 空想的； ③ 理想主義 的； ④ 唯心的； ideology2 ，思維方式 illusion1 incline2 v.① （使）傾斜，（使）偏向； ② （使）傾向于； ，斜面 information44 n.① 通知，報告； ② 情報，信息 innocent1 a.① （ of）清白的，無罪的； ② 無害的； ③ 天真的，單純的，無知的 intend15 ，打算，企圖 literacy1 ，有教養(yǎng)，有讀寫能力 lure3 major11 a.（較）大的，（較）重要的； n.① 專業(yè)，主修科目； ② 專業(yè)學生； ③ 少校； v.（ in）主修，專攻 massacre1 ，大屠殺； ，集體屠殺 medium2 n.① 中間，適中； ② 媒介物，介質，傳導體； ，適中的 messenger1 ，使者，傳令兵 misery3 ，悲慘，不幸 negative4 a.① 否定的，消極的，反面的； ② 負的，陰性的； n.① 負數； ② （攝影）底片 perfect5 a.① 完善的，無瑕的； ② 完全的，十足的； ，改進 perpetual1 ，永恒的，長期的 poetry6 ，詩集 positive4 a.① 確實的，明確的； ② 積極的，肯定的； ③ 正的，陽性的； ④ 十足的，完全的； n.（攝影）正片 potenti