【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 我們所忘掉的一點 我們經(jīng)濟所依賴的正是人們的遺忘 是：幸福不僅僅是沒有痛苦的歡樂而已。能給人們帶來最大歡樂的事物，常常伴隨有未來潛在的巨大失落或失望感在里面。如今，被唾手可得的幸?？鞓烦兄Z所包圍的我們，需要有人來告誡我們（就像宗教曾經(jīng)做的那樣）。（警示） 記住：你會死的，一切都會結(jié)束。幸?？鞓凡辉谟谝裾J這一點而在于要能容忍這一點。這是個比丁香煙葉還要苦的信息，但不知為何，卻能給我們帶來一股清新的氣息。 ：。 ［ A］詩歌不像繪畫和音樂那樣能表達歡樂 ［ B］藝術是從人們的正面和負面情感中產(chǎn)生出來的 ［ C］如今的詩人對幸?？鞓凡荒敲磻岩闪? ［ D］藝術家們已經(jīng)改變了他們的興趣點 bummer的意思是。 ［ A］宗教的 ［ B］令人不快的 ［ C］愉快的 ［ D］商業(yè)性的 ，廣告。 ［ A］是隨著反快樂藝術的覺醒而出現(xiàn)的 ［ B］是公眾失望的原因 ［ C］取代教會成了一個信息的主要來源 ［ D］制造了某種虛幻的幸福而非真正的幸福 ，作者認為。 ［ A］幸福常常以悲劇結(jié)束 ［ B］反幸?？鞓返乃囆g雖口味不好但卻發(fā)人深醒 ［ C］悲慘應該被欣賞而不是被否認 ［ D］反幸福藝術隨著經(jīng)濟的繁榮而繁榮 ，下面哪一條是對的？ ［ A］宗教曾經(jīng)起著提醒人們苦難的作用 ［ B］藝術在期盼和現(xiàn)實之間提供了某種平衡 ［ C］人們對現(xiàn)代社會的現(xiàn)實感到了失望 ［ D］大眾傳媒傾向于報道災害和死亡的消息 TEXT 1 Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as all too human, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Geia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of goods and services than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a 最專業(yè)的學習資料下載網(wǎng)站 最專業(yè)的學習資料下載網(wǎng)站 lesser reward pletely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the mon ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by . ［ A］ posing a contrast ［ B］ justifying an assumption ［ C］ making a parison ［ D］ explaining a phenomenon 22. The statement it is all too monkey (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that . ［ A］ monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals ［ B］ resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature ［ C］ monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other ［ D］ no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions 23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are . ［ A］ more inclined to weigh what they get ［ B］ attentive to researchers instructions ［ C］ nice in both appearance and temperament ［ D］ more generous than their male panions 24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys . ［ A］ prefer grapes to cucumbers ［ B］ can be taught to exchange things ［ C］ will not be cooperative if feeling cheated ［ D］ are unhappy when separated from other 25. What can we infer from the last paragraph? ［ A］ Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. ［ B］ Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. ［ C］ Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. ［ D］ Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. ancestor1 ，祖先 appearance3 n.① 出現(xiàn)，出場，露面； ② 外表，外貌，外觀 assumption3 n.① 假定，設想； ② 采取； ③ 承擔 attention14 n.① 注意（力），留心； ② 立正 author69 n.① 作者； ② 創(chuàng)始人 candidate3 n.① 候選人，候補者； ② 報考者，應試者 capable3 a.① 有本領的，有能力的； ② （ of）可 以 ...的，能 ...的 chamber3 ，室 characteristic8 a.（ of）特有的，獨特的； ，特性 cheat1 v.① 欺騙； ② 作弊； n.① 騙子； ② 欺詐，欺騙行為 colleague4 ，同僚 parison3 ，對比，比喻，比擬 contrast5 ，對照； ，對照，差異 cooperative2 ，協(xié)作的； counterpart2 （或物） creature2 ，動物，生物 cucumber4 emotion4 ，情感 eventually4 ，最后 evolve3 v.（使）發(fā)展，（使）進化 exchange8 v./n.① （ for）交換，調(diào)換，兌換； ② 交流，交易； ③ 交換臺，交易所 female4 ，雌的 generous1 ，慷慨的 goods9 ，貨物 grape4 imply12 ，含 ...意思，暗示 incline2 v.① （使）傾斜，（使）偏向； ② （使）傾向于； ，斜面 indignation1 ，憤慨 induce2 v.① 引誘，勸使； ② 引起，導致； ③ 感應 infer21 ，推斷 jealous1 a.① （ of）妒忌的； ② 猜疑的，警惕的 justify8 ...是正當?shù)?，認為有理 luxury1 n.① 奢侈，華貴； ② 奢侈品； ，豪華的 male4 n./（的），雄性（的） mere7 a.① 純粹的； ② 僅 僅，只不過 nature14 n.① 自然界，大自然； ② 性質(zhì)，本性，天性 observe5 v.① 遵守，奉行； ② 觀察，注意到，看到 opening3 n.① 口子，孔； ② 開始，開端； ③ 空缺，機會； ，開幕的 outrage1 ，侮辱，憤怒；