【正文】 and ? Only a small number of contractors offer systematic safety training. As shown in Fig. 4, most (68%) of the respondents considered _impairing reputation of firms_ as the most serious impact of site accidents whilst few of them (5%) considered _imposing psychological burden on workers_ as serious, which confirms the negative attitude of organizational management towards construction safety as described above. It definitely pleads for the government_s intervention by tightening up legal enforcement and punishment for any violation of safety practices. Table 5 Classification of serious accidents in construction in China Although there are many factors affecting contractors_ safety performance, the main factors perceived by the respondents are: ? poor safety awareness of firm_s top leaders。 ? factors affecting safety management。 ? to explore the riskprone activities on construction sites。 Glendon and Stanton, 2020。 accepted 12 May 2020 Abstract: Construction is one of the most hazardous industries due to its unique nature. Measured by international standards, construction site safety records in China are poor. This paper aims to examine the status of safety management in the Chinese construction industry, explore the riskprone activities on construction sites, and identify factors affecting construction site safety. The findings reveal that the behavior of contractors on safety management are of grave concern, including the lack of provision of personal protection equipment, regular safety meetings, and safety training. The main factors affecting safety performance include poor safety awareness of top management, lack of training, poor safety awareness of project managers, reluctance to input resources to safety_ and _reckless operations_. The study also proposes that the government should play a more critical role in stricter legal enforcement and organizing safety training programs. Keywords: Construction。 ?項目經(jīng)理的安全意 識差 。 7 結(jié)論 由于建設(shè)獨特的性質(zhì)所以它是最危險的行業(yè)其之一。由于承辦商必須在指定的時間內(nèi)完成的工作并完成一定的工藝標準，大多數(shù) 人專注于眼前的問題，只查看他們的首要任務(wù)，為滿足生產(chǎn)進度，配額和成本目標及質(zhì)量要求，只有實現(xiàn)這些目標后，他們將給予一定的考慮到安全（ Tam 等， 2020）。降序排列的其他意外被擊中墮下物料的概率，土方坍塌，使用重型機器和觸電的結(jié)果具有可比性（與觸電排名除外）的安全統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，在中國建筑行業(yè)，結(jié)果表明，除觸電事故的頻率與死亡和嚴重受傷成正相關(guān)。及其他（ 11％）受訪者稱很少提供任何培訓(xùn)。 提供個人防護裝備 為工人提供個人防護裝備（ PPE）的現(xiàn)狀。此外，建設(shè)行政主管部門的政府官員被采訪如何重點負責(zé)施工安全，由政府發(fā)出的安全政策和程序，安全標準，影響安全管理的因素。對比 1998 年和 1999 年的數(shù)字，施工現(xiàn)場的重特大事故增加了 ％，而死亡人數(shù)增加了 ％。截至 1999 年， RCT 的比例已達到 51％， 10％的國業(yè)（國有企業(yè)）， 26％城市集體企業(yè)為（合眾），其它（包括上市分享控股， 13％外商投資企業(yè)的），這體現(xiàn)了中國的建筑施工企業(yè)的所有制形式的巨大變化。 建設(shè)項目監(jiān)理安全檢查 自 1989 年以來，中國已經(jīng)開始采用建筑監(jiān)督檢查表，項目主管工程師的職責(zé)之一是監(jiān)督施工安全。 ?探索建筑工地容易發(fā)生風(fēng)險的活動 。 Hinze 和 Wilson（保護工人權(quán)利， 1993 年， 2020 年）。 Tam 等， 2020）。職業(yè)事故 。中文 5027 字 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯譯文 學(xué)生姓名 ： 院 （系）： 電子工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級 ： 指導(dǎo)教師 ： 完成日期 ： 20 年 月 日 出處： Safety Science, 2020, 42(7): 569586 中國糟糕的 建筑 安全管理 識別 元素 Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China 作者： . Tam a,*, . Zeng a,b, . Deng a a 起止頁碼： 569~586 出版日期（期刊號）： 2020 年 9 月 第 001 版 出版單位： 上海交通 大學(xué) 摘要 : 建設(shè)由于其獨特的性質(zhì)是最危險的行業(yè)之一。安全因素分析 1 簡介 由于其獨特的性質(zhì)，建筑在世界各地是最危險的行業(yè)之一，（ Jannadi 和BuKhamsin， 2020 年）。通過采取措施以防止職業(yè)傷害，提高了安全性能且得到了廣泛的探索， 1986（勞費爾和萊德貝特 。 至于施工安全，中國的戰(zhàn)績相比國際標準是可憐的。 ?確定施工現(xiàn)場安全的影響因素 。施工監(jiān)理計劃在 1996 年建設(shè)項目監(jiān)督發(fā)行以來，已在中國廣泛實行。 McVittie 等人研究以往有規(guī) 模的企業(yè)和事故發(fā)生率（ Hinze Raboud， 1988）發(fā)現(xiàn)其間的關(guān)系，事故發(fā)生率降低為企業(yè)增加大小的潛在因素，包括一定程度的規(guī)劃和組織大型企業(yè)與小企業(yè)在內(nèi)部健康和安全專業(yè)知識存在的資源共享，獲得有關(guān)健康和安全的外部支持，服務(wù)和使用各級政府的檢查和規(guī)模 經(jīng)濟的效果。 3 影響安全性能的根源 各種因素影響建造業(yè)的安全管理。 在調(diào)查中，所有的 200 家建筑公司是 ISO 9000 認證，代表比例按如上圖片在所述的平均公司的安全管理。提供的最常見個人防護裝備為手套，安全帽和護目鏡。在建造業(yè)，建筑工人流動性高和他們經(jīng)常切換到另一個公司。從高處墜落事故和死亡記錄下降，事故總量的比例達到 50％，這是明顯比其他任何意外嚴重。 6 政府規(guī)定的要求 政府應(yīng)在建筑行業(yè)安全管理中發(fā)揮重要作用（ Kartam 等， 2020）。按照國際標準，中國的施工現(xiàn)場的安全紀錄不佳。 ?不愿投入安全資源 。 Occupational accident。 Tam et al., 2020). Measures taken to prevent occupational injuries and improve safety performance have been extensively explored (Laufer and Ledbetter, 1986。 ? to identify the factors affecting construction site safety。 and ? government support. Sixty pleted questionnaires have been received, a response rate of 30%, an average response rate for the construction industry as construction firms are normally found not helpful in pleting questionnaires. In addition, interviews were conducted with government officials of the construction departments in charge of construction safety, focusing on safety policies and procedures issued by the government, safety standards, and factors affecting safety on construction sites. In the survey, all the 200 construction firms are ISO 9000 certified, representing a better picture of safety management than in the average pany as described above. Among the 60 responded, they fall into two categories of ownership: 52 stateowned (87%) and eight publiclisted sharingholding enterprises (13%). Out of all the responding firms, 52 firms (87%) employ over 1001 people, four firms (%) between 501 and 1000, and four firms (%) below 500. 5. Results and discussion . Safety manual and procedures The purpose of the safety manual is to municate a firm_s safety policy, identify the safety factors, define responsibility and control the safety management system. As the backbone of the management system, the manual defines the safety procedures and instructions and identifies the specific requirements. The respondents were asked whether they have a safety manual and safety procedures. 62% of the respondents claimed that they did not have documented safety manuals, while 38% had. With respect to the safety procedure, all the respondents said that they had documented procedures for safety management on construction sites, which formed part of the procedural process control (Clause ) of ISO 9000: 1994. However, the majority of the respondents (92%) claimed that not