【正文】 ( Pudak, 1995 ) 然而在 the CIS的一些煤礦在利用瓦斯資源，但是大部分煤礦沒有這樣做。例如，Kuzsk煤盆地南部的 Novokuzsk城市，有無數(shù)的瓦斯礦井，它是俄羅斯的最大冶金城市之一，每年，這一地區(qū)的冶金工業(yè)消費了大約天然氣的 54 PJ，那相當于 10 9 m3的瓦斯。 五個煤盆地中的 the Dosk and Kuzsk 看起來有最大的短期開發(fā)煤層氣的潛力美環(huán)保署 1994）。尤其它們的煤炭產業(yè)正在經(jīng)歷結構重組，這一過程包括降低或免征稅收、關閉多數(shù)虧損煤礦。作為一個獨立的對外部門，中聯(lián)煤層氣瓦斯開發(fā)公司通過商業(yè)手段 運轉發(fā)展煤層氣勘探、開發(fā)、經(jīng)營、運輸、利用。中國國有煤礦管理機構用了他們抽放瓦斯的 70%。中國14 的瓦斯涌出主要是國有礦井造成的，而中國有無數(shù)的地方煤礦、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)煤礦、私人煤礦，并且它們累計生產中國一半的煤。更重要的是瓦斯是潔凈燃料，瓦斯燃燒不產生二氧化硫等物，且生成獲得同樣能量燃燒煤所產生二氧化碳的半量 由于煤礦瓦斯涌出對環(huán)境的影響，美環(huán)保署、 CIAB及其它部門對全球范圍的煤礦瓦斯涌出情況進行了調查。 第三個原因是，煤礦瓦斯回收利用有利于全球及地方環(huán)境。據(jù)美國環(huán)境保護署（ USEPA， 1994年）調查，認為地下礦井每年釋放出 19－ 4010 9m3瓦斯，其中僅有少于 10 9 m3的瓦斯被用作燃料。美國的許多煤礦向天然氣開發(fā)商出售高質量瓦斯。 Kazakhstan produced nearly 104106 ton and Ukraine more than 90106 ton. The coal mining regions of these republics liberate approximately 109 m3 of methane annually, of which less than 3% is utilized. This amount represents about 20% of world methane emissions from underground coal mining. The energy sectors of these Republics are at a turning point. The coal mining industry, in particular, is undergoing restructuring, a process which includes decreasing or eliminating subsidies, and closing many of the most unprofitable mines. The industry is being pelled to bee more efficient in order to increase profitability. Mining regions are also seeking to mitigate environmental problems resulting from producing and using coal. Thus, there is an impetus to utilize more natural gas and decrease dependency on low grade coal. Increasing recovery and use of coalbed methane is a potential means of improving mine safety and profitability while meeting the regions’ energy and environmental goals. There are five coal basins in the Commonwealth of Independent States where hard coal is mined and which have the potential for coalbed methane development. They are: (1) the Dosk Basin (Donbass) , located in southeastern Ukraine and western Russia, (2) the Kuzsk Basin Kuzbass , located in western Siberia (southcentral Russia) , (3)the L’vovVolyn Basin, located in western Ukraine, which is the southeastern extension of Poland’s Lublin Basin, (4)the Pechora Basin, located in northern Russia and (5) the Karaganda Coal Basin, located in Kazakhstan. Of the five basins, the Dosk and Kuzsk Basins appear to have the largest nearterm potential for coalbed methane development （ USEPA, 1994b） . Both of these regions are heavily industrialized and present many opportunities for coalbed methane use. Options for methane use in the CIS Heating mine facilities. Currently, most mines use coalfired boilers to produce steam heat for drying coal, heating mine facilities and heating ventilation air. In some cases, mine boilers also supply thermal energy to the surrounding munities. Boilers can be retrofitted to cofire methane with coal, a relatively simple and lowcost procedure. More than 20 mines in the Dosk and Pechora Basins use methane to fuel boilers and several mines also use it for directly heating air for the mines’ ventilation systems and for coal drying (Serov, 1995。1 附 錄 附錄 A： 英文翻譯（原文） Status of worldwide coal mine methane emissions and use Abstract: Underground coal mines worldwide liberate an estimated 29–41109 m3 of methane annually, of which less than 109 m3 are used as fuel. The remaining methane is emitted to the atmosphere, representing the loss of a valuable energy resource. Methane is also a major greenhouse gas and is thus detrimental to the environment when vented to the atmosphere. Coal mine methane recovery and use represents a costeffective means of significantly reducing methane emissions from coal mining, while increasing mine safety and improving mine economics. The world’s ten largest coal producers are responsible for 90% of global methane emissions associated with the coal fuel cycle. China is the largest emitter of coal mine methane, followed by the Commonwealth of Independent States, or CIS particularly Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, the United States, Poland, Germany, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Australia, India and the Czech Republic. Most of these countries use a portion of the methane that is liberated from their coal mines, but the utilization rate tends to be low and some countries use none at all. Coal mine methane is currently used for a variety of purposes. Methane is used for heating and cooking at many mine facilities and nearby residences. It is also used to fuel boilers, to generate electricity, directly heat air for mine ventilation systems and for coal drying. Several mines in the United States sell highquality mine gas to natural gas distributors. There are several barriers to decreasing methane emissions by increasing coal mine methane use. Many of the same barriers are mon to a number of the subject countries. Technical barriers include lowpermeability coals。 Saprykin et al., 1995). 6 . Use in furnaces in the metallurgical industry. Another viable market for methane use is the metallurgical industry. For example, the city of Novokuzsk, in the southern portion of the Kuzsk Basin, contains numerous gassy mines and is one of the biggest centers of metallurgy in Russia. The region’s metallurgical industry consumes about 54 PJ of natural gas annually, which is equivalent to about 109 m3 of methane (USEPA, 1996b) . . Power generation at mine facilities. Most mines purchase electricity from the power grid. Cofiring coalbed methane with coal to generate electricity onsite may be a more economical option for these mines. Coalbed methane can be used, independently of or in conjunction with coal, to generate electricity using boilers, gas turbines and thermal bustion engines (USEPA, 1994b). . Use as a motor vehicle fuel. The Doskugol Coal Production Association in Ukraine is draining methane in advance of mining using surface boreholes. The recovered methane is pressed