【正文】 a person who e from a certain country does not necessarily get the same ideas about time, death, identity, as an other one from a different country because each person has its own identity . Crosscultural munication is more important today than in any other period of human history. One major consequence of this trend is that future success in most careers will increasingly depend upon an individual’s ability to municate effectively and appropriately across cultural boundaries. Crosscultural munication is not limited to learning other languages, but also includes understanding how cultural patterns and core values impact the munication process, even when everyone is speaking English. Acquiring the skills necessary to work with both domestic multicultural groups and in international areas is no longer an option but a necessity. Sometimes silence municates far more than speech. Such things as touching, eye contact, and other kinds of “body language” need to be observed and correctly interpreted because nonverbal munication carries important clues about the message the individual is trying to convey. In this rapidly changing world, where cultures and people circulate and interact at dizzying speeds, those people who know XXXX 畢業(yè)論文 5 how to municate effectively across cultures, in both personal and professional contexts, will have a crucial advantage over those who do not. 2 Verbal factors in crosscultural munication Verbal factors are considered as one of the major factors of influencing crosscultural munication. And pragmatic failures are one of the key factors which influence the success of crosscultural munication. For the social and cultual diversity, there are typical differences among different languages in pragmatic principles, which will inevitably lead to pragmatic failures and munication breakdowns. Definition of verbal munication The basis of munication is the interaction between people. Verbal munication is one way for people to municate facetoface. Some of the key ponents of verbal munication are sound, words, speaking, and language. Through speaking we try to eliminate this misunderstanding, but sometimes this is a very hard thing to do. Many problems can arise is speaking and the only way to solve these problems is through experience. Speaking can be looked at in two major areas: interpersonal and public speaking. In interpersonal speaking, etiquette is very important. To be an effective municator one must speak in a manner that is not offending to the receiver. Some of the major areas of public speaking are speaking to persuade, speaking to inform, and speaking to inspire or motivate. In general, verbal munication means that people municate with each other by means of language. Through verbal munication, people will learn who they are, and what the world around them is like. Furthermore, verbal munication expresses one’s thought and feelings to others, and to satisfy one’s emotional and material needs. In human’s daily life, munication is something that they do every day. Verbal munication is human’s main municative form, in which language is its municative tool. As meaning is assigned to words, language develops, which leads to the development of speaking. The actual XXXX 畢業(yè)論文 6 origin of language is subject to considerable speculation. 2. 2 Relationship between language and culture The relationship between language and culture is deeply rooted. Language is used to maintain and convey culture and cultural ties. Different ideas stem from using different language within one’s culture and the whole intertwining of these relationships start at one’s birth. When an infant is born, it is not unlike any other infant born, in fact, quite similar. It is not until the child is exposed to their surroundings that they bee individuals in and of their cultural group. This idea, which describes all people as similar at birth, has been around for thousands of years. Everyone is the same both physically and mentally while the interactions among persons or groups vary widely from place to place. Patterns which emerge from these group behaviours and interactions will be approved of, or disapproved of. Behaviours which are acceptable will vary from location to location thus forming the basis of different cultures. One can see that learning a new language involves the learning of a new culture. Language seems to be woven into the very farbic of every human culture, and to such an extent that it is hard to imagine what human culture would be like without language. Language is the principal means whereby people conduct their social lives. When it is used in contexts of munication, it is bound up with culture in multiple and plex ways. Firstly, language expresses cultural reality. The words people utter refer to mon experience. They express facts, ideas or events that are municable because they refer to a stock of knowledge about the world that other people share. Words also reflect their author’s attitudes and beliefs, their point of view, that are also those of others. Secondly, language embodies cultural reality. Members of a munity or a social group do not only express experiences。 5 Relationship between language and culture 在論文中分別闡明了語言及非語言交際與文化的關(guān)系，語言交際中的語用失誤，非語言交際的常用方式，并提出培養(yǎng)人們的文化意識及尊重彼此的文化差異 ，共同合作的建議，以期提高跨文化交際能力，克服交際障礙。 verbal factors。 7 3 Nonverbal factors in crosscultural munication12 Developing people’s cultural awareness ways of expressing modesty and apology, inquiring or offering, bidding farewell or making introduction。12 Respecting culture differences and