【正文】 t take it for granted that the Chinese words are equivalent to those of English in cultural connotation and then transfer the habit of Chinese language use into crosscultural munication texts. Production of words or of a sentence is considered as the performance of speech acts. Speech acts are difficult to perform in a second language because learners may not know the idiomatic expressions or cultural norms in the second language or they may transfer their first language rules and conventions into the second language, assuming that XXXX 畢業(yè)論文 8 such rules are universal. Because the natural tendency for language learners is to fall back on what they know to be appropriate in their first language, it is important that these learners understand exactly what they do in that first language in order to be able to recognize what is transferable to other languages. Something that works in English might not transfer in meaning when translated into the second language. Pragmalinguistic failure usually occurs when Chinese people respond to the English tag question in a wrong way. In Chinese, shi is an affirmative answer to the whole question no matter this tag question is in a positive or negative form, while in English “yes” doesn’t include the negative structure. Sociopragmatic failure is resulted from different cultural norms and pragmatic principles that govern linguistic behaviors in different cultures. Sociopragmatic failure can find its way in many aspects of daily munication, such as ways of greeting and addressing people。 X X X X 畢業(yè)論文 題目 ： 論影響跨文化交際的主要因素 作 者 XXX 屆 別 2020 屆 系 別 外國語言文學(xué) 專 業(yè) 英 語 指導(dǎo)教師 XXX 職 稱 講 師 完成時間 二 OO 九年六月 The Major Factors of Influencing Crosscultural Communication Li Shuxian A thesis submitted to the Foreign Language Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in English language and literature Supervised by Mrs. Huang Huiya Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang, Hunan June, 2020 XXXX 畢業(yè)論文 ii Abstract The economic globalization has bee an irreversible historical trend. This thesis starts with an analysis of the definition and importance of crosscultural munication. Then it discusses the major factors of influencing crosscultural munication. By respectively expounding the relationship between language and culture, the relationship between nonverbal munication and culture, pragmatic failures in verbal munication and mon approaches of nonverbal munication, it puts forward some suggestions on developing people’s cultural awareness and respecting culture differences and cooperating together. It is hoped that through this detailed analysis, people can improve their ability in crosscultural munication, and overe munication barriers. Key Words: crosscultural munication。 6 Pragmatic failures in verbal munication 9 Definition of nonverbal munication ways of expressing modesty and apology, inquiring or offering, bidding farewell or making introduction。12 Developing people’s cultural awareness 7 3 Nonverbal factors in crosscultural munication verbal factors。 5 Relationship between language and culture a person who e from a certain country does not necessarily get the same ideas about time, death, identity, as an other one from a different country because each person has its own identity . Crosscultural munication is more important today than in any other period of human history. One major consequence of this trend is that future success in most careers will increasingly depend upon an individual’s ability to municate effectively and appropriately across cultural boundaries. Crosscultural munication is not limited to learning other languages, but also includes understanding how cultural patterns and core values impact the munication process, even when everyone is speaking English. Acquiring the skills necessary to work with both domestic multicultural groups and in international areas is no longer an option but a necessity. Sometimes silence municates far more than speech. Such things as touching, eye contact, and other kinds of “body language” need to be observed and correctly interpreted because nonverbal munication carries important clues about the message the individual is trying to convey. In this rapidly changing world, where cultures and people circulate and interact at dizzying speeds, those people who know XXXX 畢業(yè)論文 5 how to municate effectively across cultures, in both personal and professional contexts, will have a crucial advantage over those who do not. 2 Verbal factors in crosscultural munication Verbal factors are considered as one of the major factors of influencing crosscultural munication. And pragmatic failures are one of the key factors which influence the success of crosscultural munication. For the social and cultual diversity, there are typical differences among different languages in pragmatic principles, which will inevitably lead to pragmatic failures and munication breakdowns. Definition of verbal munication The basis of munication is the interaction between people. Verbal munication is one way for people to municate facetoface. Some of the key ponents of verbal munication are sound, words, speaking, and language. Through speaking we try to eliminate this misunderstanding, but sometimes this is a very