【正文】 （ 224） 式中 : D—— 工作缸直徑 (mm)； d—— 活塞桿直徑 (mm)。 cmc12P fg? ? 12 1 2 6 1 1 .9 4 9 .8 0 .1 2 0 5? ? ? ?=（ 225） 1 1 2 6 1 1 .9 4 1 2 6 1 1 .9 4JF v N?? ? ? ? （ 226） ? ?24JF PD? ? （ 227） ? ?4 JDFP?? = 4 1 2 6 1 1 .9 43 .1 4 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 ?? = （ 228） 式中 : ??P —— 許用壓力，允許范圍 5一 7MPa，取 7MPa。 壓縮到最短行程時(shí)長度為 380mm。 (2)貯 油 空間的確定 工作缸與貯油筒之間的環(huán)形空 間稱之為貯油空間，減圖 24 儲(chǔ)油筒 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 18 振器裝配時(shí)，一般處于壓縮極限位置，此時(shí)貯油筒內(nèi)氣壓等于常壓，當(dāng)活塞桿拉伸時(shí)，貯袖筒內(nèi)油液將補(bǔ)充到工作腔內(nèi)活塞桿體積所占的空間。39。2 39。2D —— 工作缸外徑； 39。 本次設(shè)計(jì)減震器尺寸參數(shù)如下： 活塞桿直徑 20d mm?? 工作缸外徑 39。 1活塞； 2螺母； 3活塞桿； 4 圓柱彈簧； 5伸張閥； 6流通孔； 7伸張閥彈簧； 8流通孔； 9流通閥； 10流通閥限位環(huán) 圖 25 活塞閥系 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 20 活塞 1 通過螺母 3固定在活塞桿 2 的下端。當(dāng)活塞上移時(shí)，油液通過固定油道以及當(dāng)閥盤被頂開伸張閥中流出，伸張時(shí)的阻尼力大小 : （ 1） 當(dāng)活塞低速時(shí)，阻尼力由固定通道決定。 1S 大小受制件精度影響較大，制造精度比較好的活塞桿直徑公差為 ，導(dǎo)向座孔公差 +，襯套壁厚公差 ，這樣 1S 環(huán)縫間隙將在 間變動(dòng)，如活塞桿直徑為 18? ，極限狀態(tài)壓力差將相差 : 39。 （ 2） 當(dāng)活塞中速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，主要取決于閥盤的開度，即由彈簧 4的剛度和預(yù)緊力決定。 綜合考慮這些因素，可以調(diào)節(jié)出任一種需要的阻尼特性曲線。閥片 9是一個(gè)較薄的圓盤，僅作單向閥用。 在壓縮階段，下腔油液頂開閥片及閥墊，流回上腔，由于該閥系伸張，流通閥共用一個(gè) 通道，這樣就能將積留在閥系上的污物自動(dòng)地沖走， 因此此閥系構(gòu)成自清潔閥系。 底閥體 1上開有兩排小孔 2 及 3，閥片 4上開有固定通道。 (3)當(dāng)活塞向下高速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，孔 4S 也起節(jié)流作用，此時(shí)阻尼特性由 2 及 4S 共同決定。 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 25 活塞加工工藝過程 零件圖如圖 32所示 毛坯：鍛造 45 工藝路線： 10 粗銑左端面 ； 20 粗銑右端面 ； 30 鉆中心孔 ； 40 粗 車 左端面凹槽 ； 50 粗車右端凸臺(tái)； 60 半精 車 左端面凹槽 ； 70 精 車 左端凹槽 ； 80 鉆組合孔； 90 粗磨中心孔、活塞外圓 ； 100 半精磨中心孔、活塞外圓； 110 精磨外圓。 在滿足最大載重量及可靠性的前提下，盡量提高舒適性，簡化減震器的結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣不僅降低了減振器生產(chǎn)制造的成本，同時(shí)也便于日后的維修更換工作。在校外公司實(shí)習(xí)期間，因?yàn)閷?shí)習(xí)單位關(guān)于畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)資料 十分 有限，所以多次麻煩同學(xué)幫忙查閱相關(guān)資料，在此提出感謝。在此表示謝意。 u=m2/m1。 b=。 semilogx(x,y) grid xlabel(39。|fd/q|39。)。 legend(39。 m2=2797。 w0=2.*pi.*x0。 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 32 d=w./w0。) gtext(39。s handling and stability and antitrim capacity. There are some suspension in the buffer block and horizontal Stabilizer. Despite 100 years of suspension from the vehicle structure to the role of the principle has been constantly evolving, but in terms of structure and function, it is by the elastic element, damping devices and is posed of three partsoriented institutions. In some cases, a spare parts and role play two or three, such as leaf springs and elastic elements and guidance from the role of institutions, McPherson’s suspension in the column and the shock absorber shock absorber and some guidance from the role of institutions, some of the active suspension actuator element has a flexible, shock absorber and part of the functionoriented anizations. Oriented structure in accordance with the characteristics of vehicle suspension can be divided into nonindependent suspension and independent suspension two broad categories. onindependent suspension is the distinctive feature of the left and right between the wheels or by a rigid beam axle disconnecttype connection, when the passage of unilateral convex wheels, it will directly affect the other side of the wheel. Independent suspension is not such a rigid beam, around the wheel of their own independent body with the frame or linked to, or could constitute a type axle disconnect, according to the structural characteristics can be divided into horizontal boom, boom longitudinal, oblique arm type, etc., the 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 35 structural characteristics of a variety of suspension will be further discussed in the following sections. In addition to the above nonindependent suspension and independent suspension, there is a similar semiindependent suspension, it is similar to semirigid nondisconnecttype support for the bridge after the match. Beating around the wheel when the rate is inconsistent, the latter supported the bridge was Vshaped crosssection and consolidation around vertical arm with torsion beam, because of its reverse has a certain flexibility, it is different from the suspension of such nonindependent suspension, but also with independent suspension are different. The flexible beams and also played the role of horizontal Stabilizer. In accordance with the type of flexible ponents, automotive suspension leaf springs and can be divided into suspension, coil spring suspension, torsion bar spring suspension, air suspension and the suspension, such as oil and gas. In accordance with the role of principle, can be divided into passive suspension, active suspension and the range between the two semiactive suspensions. As mentioned earlier, the quality of vehicle suspension and suspension, nonsuspended mass constitute a vibration system, the vibration characteristics of the system to a large extent determines the vehicle running smoothly, and further affect the driving speed of motor vehicles, fuel economy and operating economy. The vibration system also determines the grade and moving vehicle carrying many parts of the Department of dynamic load, and thus affect the useful life of these parts. In addition, 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 36 the suspension of the vehicle stability control, antitrim capacity play a decisive role. Thus in the design of suspension must be taken into account the following requirements: (1)Through the rational design of elastic properties and suspension damping characteristics to ensure that the car has a good driving fort, has low vibration frequency, the smaller the value of vibration acceleration and suitable damping performance and can avoid the suspension of Stretching the limits of pression stroke occurred a hard impact, but also to ensure that the tires have sufficient grounding capacity。 (5)The quality of suspension ponents, especially to small nonflying part of its quality as possible。 (9)To facilitate maintenance. Suspension design can be roughly divided into structure and main parameters of the two options and the detailed design stage, sometimes carried ou