【正文】 g an instrument like questionnaire – It can elicit people39。 go back and read the whole paper, section by section, for prehension. 1. In the Introduction, note how the context is set 2. In the Methods, try to get a clear picture of what was done at each step 3. In Results, look carefully at the figures and tables, as they are the heart of most papers 4. The Discussion contains the conclusions that the author would like to draw from the data – Reflection and criticism: After you understand the article and can summarize it, then you can return to broader questions and draw your own conclusions 2020/9/10 26 Questions when reading a research paper? Introduction – What is the overall purpose of the research? How does the research fit into the context of its field? Is it, for example, attempting to settle a controversy? show the validity of a new technique? open up a new field of inquiry? – Do you agree with the author39。 2. you can get cutting edge ideas and techniques to your own research。research space39。 2020/9/10 8 參考書(shū) （以工程管理專(zhuān)業(yè)為例） – 工程管理與業(yè)英語(yǔ)，徐勇戈等，中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社 2020年版 – 工程管理與業(yè)英語(yǔ)， 王竹芳，北京大學(xué)出版社 2020年版 – 國(guó)際工程管理實(shí)用英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，張水波、劉英，中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社 2020年版 – 高等學(xué)校工程管理系列經(jīng)典教材 ?國(guó)際工程合同管理 (雙語(yǔ) ) ，韋嘉，中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社 2020年版 2020/9/10 9 研究資源 研究資源（論文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等） – SCI、 ISTP數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)） – EI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)） – Automation in Construction） – Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management） – Construction Management and Economics） – Ingentaconnect、 swetswise、 scopus等 – 國(guó)內(nèi)的萬(wàn)方、知網(wǎng)、維普等 – Open Access Journals amp。知識(shí)都是現(xiàn)成的、經(jīng)前人驗(yàn)證了的，本科生學(xué)習(xí)的是如何把兔子撿到手、拿回家； – 碩士生階段。 2020/9/10 5 學(xué)習(xí)方法 – 熟讀與業(yè)文獻(xiàn)（以原版與業(yè)教科書(shū)為佳，自學(xué)為主）； – 精讀與業(yè)論文（選擇性地閱讀前沿性的論文，自學(xué)和課堂解讀結(jié)合）； – 綜合與業(yè)書(shū)籍，結(jié)合教師個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，有針對(duì)性地學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)用的方法和工具（教學(xué)結(jié)合，自己常動(dòng)手）。 2020/9/10 3 Chinglish 2020/9/10 4 課程目的何在？ – 掌握與業(yè)英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)，提高閱讀和翻譯與業(yè)英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)的能力； – 了解國(guó)外與業(yè)領(lǐng)域的最新發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)和前沿知識(shí)； – 掌握流行的研究方法和工具。這一階段是學(xué)習(xí)撿“死”兔子的過(guò)程。此時(shí)，導(dǎo)師叫合作導(dǎo)師，他要和博士后一起來(lái)確定究竟到哪里去尋找兔子，此時(shí)面對(duì)的可能是丌一樣的森林，需要一起商量后確定是否需要在這里狩獵，并重復(fù)以上過(guò)程。 in the research and to provide a foundation for your research. It should help you define a research question, and show how answering the question will contribute to knowledge creating a 39。 Computer Security, vol. 6, pp. 160161, 1998 – Use software (. EndNote) to manage your references 2020/9/10 22 Literature Review – EndNote – EndNote is a software developed by Thomson Reuters, for managing your reference library – It can store and anize numerous references and other files – It can create instant bibliographies in word processing software – It helps you to modify your reference style at your willingness 2020/9/10 23 How to read a research paper? – Reading research paper is partly a matter of experience and skill, and partly learning the specific vocabulary of a field – It is not reading a novel, so it’s not linear. You can skip some points and go where you are really interested in. – You are required to read them because: 1. journal papers are current。t understand. – Comprehension: Try to deal with all the words and phrases。 Objectives? – Research aims and objectives are synonymous in dictionaries – In research terms, the word objective is sometimes used to mean more detailed aims – The aim is what you want to achieve, and the objective describes how you are going to achieve that aim – It is not unmon to have more than one objective to satisfy your research aim 2020/9/10 29 Formulating Aims and Objectives – Sample Research Aim – To improve the lives of people in London who are long term homeless Objectives – To provide information and advice on housing and resettlement – To provide training on core job skills and job search skills – To offer supported work placements – To support people in applying for jobs – To facilitate a support group for people 2020/9/10 30 Research Methodology “Nesting” Philosophy = assumption Approach = processing method Technique = specific analytical technique From preunderstanding to understanding, insight and excecution 2020/9/10 31 Research Methodology – Philosophy ? based on a belief that a universal truth is waiting to be discovered by detached, neutral and objective researchers Positivism ? contends that the reality can be understood only through the subjective interpretation of reality ? is suitable if there are testable hypotheses, quantified variables, are able to draw inferences about a population Criticism Interpretivism ? Survey ? Experiment ? Literature review ? used to understand and interpret daily occurrences and social structures as well as the meanings of a certain phenomenon ? Documentation ? is the judgment of the merits and faults of the work or actions of an individual or group by another 2020/9/10 32 Research Methodology – Approaches – Research approach is defined as the path of conscious scientific reasoning. It connects the philosophy and techniques. – It is consisted of a number of methods, including: Laboratory experiment, Field experiment, Survey, Case study, Forecasting / future research, Simulation / game / role playing, Action research, and etc. – Not all of the available approaches are suitable for any kind of research。 or do a a confirmatory study, testing a concept – investigate behavior – . frequency with which a particular item is bought, or shopping centre is visited – explore perceptions of, . a pany brand。s time – Covering letter is sometimes necessary 2020/9/10 50 Research Methodology – Questionnaire Development Attention! – ensure that all items listed are strictly necessary to the question objectives – ensure that all items are clearly worded, and mean the same thing to the respondent as they do to you – avoid items which make use of jargon, technical terms or words which are outside the sample39