【正文】 of force used in producing a PitchPitch is the rate of vibration of the vocal acoustic phonetics, the number of tonal oscillations per second, or in auditory pho172。and there are also languages(such as Russian)where tense is not deemed very important and emphasis is instead placed on Tense is the grammatical term that refers to the time when the action of the verb occurs: past, present, time frame of an action is usually established by referring to the present Aspect, unlike tense, is not concerned with placing events on a time , aspect is concerned with making distinctions about the kinds of actions that are described by verbs: progressive actions, punctual actions, habitual actions, Mood is a grammatical category distinguishing verb are three moods in English: indicative, subjunctive, and imperative and four in French: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and of these moods, except the imperative, may be conjugated in different of these moods has a different Voice is a grammatical category describing the relationship between a verb and its is either active or voice refers to the situation where the subject of the sentence performs the action of the Concord and governmentCONCORD may be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category(or categories).GOVERNMENT requires that one word of a particular class in a given syntactic construction with another word of a particular syntactic class shall exhibit the form of a specific The structural approachStructuralism or structural linguistics is a term used in linguistics referring to any approach to the analysis of language that pays explicit attention to the way in which linguistic features can be described in terms of structures and Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationsPositional relation POSITIONAL RELATION, or WORD ORDER, refers to the sequential arrangement of words in a of substitutability RELATION OF SUBSTITUTABILITY refers to classes or sets of words substitutable for each other grammatically in the same sentence of cooccurrence the relation of COOCCURRENCE one means that words of different sets of clauses may permit, or require, the occurrence a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a Immediate constituent analysisIMMEDIATE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS also called Ic Analysis, in linguistics, a system of grammatical analysis that divides sentences into successive layers, or constituents, until, in the final layer, each constituent consists of only a word or meaningful part of a word.(A constituent is any word or construction that enters into some larger construction.)In the sentence ―The old man ran away,‖ the first division into immediate constituents would be between ―the old man‖ and ―ran away.‖ The immediate constituents of ―the old man‖ are ―the‖ and ―old man.‖ At the next level ―old man‖ is divided into ―old‖ and ―man.‖ The term was introduced by the United States linguist Leonard Bloomfield in 1933, though the underlying principle is mon both to the traditional practice of parsing and to many modern systems of grammatical methods: TREE DIAGRAMS or RACKETING Endocentric and exocentric constructionsENDOCEWTRIC CONSTRUCTION is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, ., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable CENTRE or CONSTRUCTION refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable “Centre” or ―Head‖ inside the The generative approach Deep and surface structuresDeepStructure: underlying structure, which is generated by the base term 39。下面僅從“德、能、勤、績(jī)、廉”五方面做一簡(jiǎn)單匯報(bào)：德：積極學(xué)習(xí)“十七大報(bào)告及《中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨章程》”，貫徹落實(shí)省委“開展解放思想大討論”，政治立場(chǎng)更加堅(jiān)定、思想覺悟不斷提高。起到承上啟下的作用，當(dāng)好參謀助手。在資金相對(duì)充裕時(shí)及時(shí)安排，使其充分發(fā)揮資金效益；資金不足時(shí)及時(shí)調(diào)配，保證合理使用資金的需要。多年來(lái)始終把愛崗敬業(yè)、勤奮務(wù)實(shí)，提供優(yōu)質(zhì)高效服務(wù)作為自己工作的目標(biāo)。同時(shí)作為學(xué)校服務(wù)部門，在日常工作中，想人之所想，急人之所急，經(jīng)常走下去聽取各部門的意見和呼聲，為各單位解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題。在對(duì)二級(jí)財(cái)務(wù)的管理上，已逐漸理順和規(guī)范。在處理每筆業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)力求做到公平、公正、公開并合理，增加各種經(jīng)費(fèi)管理的透明度。近年來(lái)雖然取得了一些成績(jī)，但仍存在不足，如遇事容易急躁，方式方法欠妥等。針對(duì)研究生教學(xué)過(guò)程中的存在的問(wèn)題做好調(diào)研，不斷改善教學(xué)條件，不斷提高教學(xué)水平。堅(jiān)持“高起點(diǎn)、嚴(yán)要求、厚基礎(chǔ)、重實(shí)踐”的教學(xué)理念，配合學(xué)?！按箢愓猩囵B(yǎng)”方案，深化課程體系和教學(xué)方法改革，將學(xué)科優(yōu)勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)化為教育教學(xué)優(yōu)勢(shì)。三、學(xué)生教育管理工作學(xué)生學(xué)風(fēng)建設(shè)。學(xué)生文化素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)。邀請(qǐng)文科學(xué)院的專家學(xué)者舉辦高水平的人文知識(shí)講座等。以音樂學(xué)院2012級(jí)學(xué)生為試點(diǎn)，成立藝術(shù)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)小組，實(shí)現(xiàn)藝術(shù)實(shí)踐常態(tài)化。促進(jìn)學(xué)工隊(duì)伍的作風(fēng)建設(shè)，開展好“三個(gè)一”工作，即一周聽一次課，一周去一次學(xué)生宿舍，一周和特情學(xué)生談一次話。以人為本，強(qiáng)化琴房的管理與維護(hù)。指定專人對(duì)服裝庫(kù)的服裝分類整理，按照類別上架，對(duì)各類大型演出需要的服裝單獨(dú)存放，保障好演出所需服裝的借用。全員參與、探索創(chuàng)收渠道。五、黨建與思想政治工作組織廣大師生認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)貫徹黨的十八大精神，創(chuàng)新學(xué)習(xí)方式，提高學(xué)習(xí)效果。采取有效措施，切實(shí)解決形式主義、官僚主義、享樂主義、奢靡之風(fēng)，教育黨員、干部牢固樹立群眾觀點(diǎn)，發(fā)揮黨密切聯(lián)系群眾的優(yōu)勢(shì)，展現(xiàn)新氣象，為推動(dòng)學(xué)院建設(shè)凝聚力量。教育引導(dǎo)全院教師為人師表、關(guān)心學(xué)生、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)篤學(xué)，形成“重師表、愛學(xué)生、鉆業(yè)務(wù)”的良好風(fēng)氣?，F(xiàn)將有關(guān)事項(xiàng)通知如下：一、征集對(duì)象范圍第十四期頂崗支教全體實(shí)習(xí)生/臨時(shí)團(tuán)支部二、征集時(shí)間2012年5月20日2012年6月30日三、征集對(duì)象要求（1）實(shí)習(xí)態(tài)度認(rèn)真，刻苦鉆研教學(xué)，專業(yè)知識(shí)和教學(xué)技能水平較高，教學(xué)成績(jī)優(yōu)異；（2）能夠結(jié)合實(shí)習(xí)學(xué)校教學(xué)條件，緊密聯(lián)系班級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)，勇于創(chuàng)新工作方法，積極參與校園文化建設(shè)；（3）具有較高的職業(yè)素養(yǎng)，不計(jì)個(gè)人得失，盡己所能付出愛心，關(guān)注并幫助弱勢(shì)群體，積極參與組織各種愛心捐助、幫殘助困等活動(dòng)；（4）按時(shí)全面完成計(jì)劃規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)任務(wù)，實(shí)習(xí)成績(jī)優(yōu)秀；（5）團(tuán)隊(duì)凝聚力較強(qiáng)，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員積極向上、互幫互助；（6）其他有突出表現(xiàn)或貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人或集體。五、文稿推薦步驟：1．各臨時(shí)團(tuán)支部堅(jiān)持優(yōu)中選優(yōu)原則，通知并指導(dǎo)實(shí)習(xí)生按要求積極準(zhǔn)備材料；2．支部對(duì)征集到的文稿嚴(yán)格審核、進(jìn)行必要的修改和斟酌后，上交真實(shí)反映個(gè)人先進(jìn)事跡的材料，確保征集文稿的質(zhì)量。駐縣教師劉文超陪同學(xué)校慰問(wèn)指導(dǎo)組走訪了威、清兩縣教育局。楊軼副主任在與實(shí)習(xí)中學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)座談時(shí)說(shuō)，感謝實(shí)習(xí)中學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)師大頂崗實(shí)習(xí)支教工作的大力支持，感謝實(shí)習(xí)中學(xué)為實(shí)習(xí)生提供機(jī)會(huì)，為師大培養(yǎng)人才，歡迎實(shí)習(xí)中學(xué)對(duì)師大的頂崗實(shí)習(xí)支教工作提出意見建議。威縣、清河分隊(duì)體育專業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)生指導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練的學(xué)生在本次運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上取得了驕人的戰(zhàn)績(jī)。例如張莊中學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生王盼指導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練的學(xué)生獲得女子1500米第一名，男子1500米第二名，女子鉛球第一名，三級(jí)跳遠(yuǎn)第一名的好成績(jī)；常屯中學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生朱麟指導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練的籃球隊(duì)，分獲縣運(yùn)會(huì)男籃亞軍、女籃季軍的好成績(jī)；高公莊中學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生魯明指導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練學(xué)生獲得男子400米第一名、男子800米第二名的好成績(jī)。實(shí)習(xí)生們以高度負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度參加到考試任務(wù)中來(lái)。對(duì)于這種由被考者轉(zhuǎn)化為主考者的從教經(jīng)歷，各中學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生認(rèn)真總結(jié)感受體會(huì)，以不同的形式記錄下來(lái)。張薔、孫英明、宋平、農(nóng)婧擔(dān)任評(píng)委，韓貝貝負(fù)責(zé)統(tǒng)計(jì)各個(gè)選手的分?jǐn)?shù)及匯總、記錄各選手的總分，同時(shí)農(nóng)婧負(fù)責(zé)指導(dǎo)了90班學(xué)生的賽前訓(xùn)