【正文】 controllers).They are the products of decades of development and theoretical analysis, and are highly PID and other traditional control systems are so welldeveloped, why bother with fuzzy control? It has some many cases, the mathematical model of the control process may not exist, or may be too ”expensive“ in terms of puter processing power and memory, and a system based on empirical rules may be more , fuzzy logic is well suited to lowcost implementations based on cheap sensors, lowresolution analogtodigital converters, and 4bit or 8bit onechip microcontroller systems can be easily upgraded by adding new rules to improve performance or add new many cases, fuzzy control can be used to improve existing traditional controller systems by adding an extra layer of intelligence to the current control （論文）外文文獻翻譯Fuzzy control in detailFuzzy controllers are very simple consist of an input stage, a processing stage, and an output input stage maps sensor or other inputs, such as switches, thumbwheels, and so on, to the appropriate membership functions and truth processing stage invokes each appropriate rule and generates a result for each, then bines the results of the , the output stage converts the bined result back into a specific control output most mon shape of membership functions is triangular, although trapezoidal and bell curves are also used, but the shape is generally less important than the number of curves and their three to seven curves are generally appropriate to cover the required range of an input value, or the ”universe of discourse“ in fuzzy discussed earlier, the processing stage is based on a collection of logic rules in the form of IFTHEN statements, where the IF part is called the ”antecedent“ and the THEN part is called the ”consequent“.This rule uses the truth value of the ”temperature“ input, which is some truth value of ”cold“, to generate a result in the fuzzy set for the ”heater“ output, which is some value of ”high“.This result is used with the results of other rules to finally generate the crisp posite , the greater the truth value of ”cold“, the higher the truth value of ”high“, though this does not necessarily mean that the output itself will be set to ”high“ since this is only one rule among some cases, the membership functions can be modified by ”hedges“ that are equivalent to hedges include ”about“, ”near“, ”close to“, ”approximately“, ”very“, ”slightly“, ”too“, ”extremely“, and ”somewhat“.These operations may have precise definitions, though the definitions can vary considerably between different implementations.”Very“, for one example, squares membership functions。s book ,where fuzzy control is represented as a theory of H225。, we interpret f(r,t)as the truth degree of the claim ”t is a good answer given r.More formally, any system of IFTHEN rules can be translate into a fuzzy program in such a way that the fuzzy function f is the interpretation of a vague predicate Good(x,y)in the associated least fuzzy Herbrand such a way fuzzy control bees a chapter of fuzzy logic learning process bees a question belonging to inductive logic theory.第二篇：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文文獻翻譯要求畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文文獻翻譯要求根據(jù)《浙江省教育廳高教處關(guān)于對高等學(xué)校2004屆本?？茖W(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）進行抽查的通知》的評審要求，“本科畢業(yè)論文要求翻譯外文文獻2篇以上”。中文譯文的基本撰寫格式為題目采用小三號黑體字居中打印，正文采用宋體五號字，行間距一般為固定值20磅，標準字符間距。決策支持系統(tǒng)由于越來越多的數(shù)據(jù)可聯(lián)機獲得，企業(yè)已開始利用這些可獲得的數(shù)據(jù)來對自己的行動做出更好的決策，比如進什么貨，以及如何最好的吸引顧客以提高銷售額。事務(wù)處理系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在正被廣泛使用，并且公司已經(jīng)積累了大量由這類系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的信息。從數(shù)據(jù)庫中發(fā)現(xiàn)的知識可以用一個規(guī)則集表示。已經(jīng)有一些具體的數(shù)據(jù)挖掘算法用于高效地處理放在磁盤上的大量數(shù)據(jù)。有兩種空間數(shù)據(jù)庫特別重要：● 設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)庫或計算機輔助設(shè)計（CAD）數(shù)據(jù)庫是用于存儲設(shè)計信息的空間數(shù)據(jù)庫，這些信息主要是關(guān)于物體（如建筑、汽車或是飛機）是如何構(gòu)造的。地理數(shù)據(jù)本質(zhì)上是空間的，但與設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)相比在幾個方面有所不同。地圖數(shù)據(jù)常以矢量形式表示。但是當(dāng)存儲的多媒體對象數(shù)目較多時，數(shù)據(jù)庫的功能就變得重要起來。但是，將多媒體數(shù)據(jù)存儲在數(shù)據(jù)庫之外，使得難于提供數(shù)據(jù)庫的功能，譬如基于實際多媒體數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容的索引。在分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用中，通常有強大的中央數(shù)據(jù)庫和網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理。某些情況下，用戶的位置是一個查詢參數(shù)。能源效率需求最有趣的結(jié)果之一的使用計劃的數(shù)據(jù)廣播來減少傳輸查詢中移動系統(tǒng)的需求。數(shù)據(jù)挖掘致力于從大數(shù)據(jù)庫中自動發(fā)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)計規(guī)律和模式等知識。多媒體數(shù)據(jù)庫正變得越來越重要。第四篇：畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯外文原文Overview of JSp TechnologyBenefits of JSpJSp pages are translated into , fundamentally, any task JSp pages can perform could also be acplished by , this underlying equivalence does not mean that servlets and JSp pages are equally appropriate in all issue is not the power of the technology, it is the convenience, productivity, and maintainability of one or the all, anything you can do on a particular puter platform in the Java programming language you could also do in assembly it still matters which you provides the following benefits over servlets alone:?It is easier to write and maintain the static code is ordinary HTML: no extra backslashes, no double quotes, and no lurking Java syntax.?You can use standard Website development HTML tools that know nothing about JSp can be used because they simply ignore the JSp tags.?You can divide up your development Java programmers can work on the dynamic Web developers can concentrate on the presentation large projects, this division is very on the size of your team and the plexity of your project, you can enforce a weaker or stronger separation between the static HTML and the dynamic , this discussion is not to say that you should stop using servlets and use only JSp no all projects will use some requests in your project, you will use others, you will use still others, you will bine them with the MVC want the appropriate tool for the job, and servlets, by themselves, do not plete your of JSp Over Competing TechnologiesA number of years ago, Marty was invited to attend a small 20person industry roundtable discussion on software in the seat next to Marty was James Gosling, inventor of the Java programming several seats away was a highlevel manager from a very large software pany in Redmond, the discussion, the moderator brought up the subject of Jini, which at that time was a new Java moderator asked the manager what he thought of it, and the manager responded that it was too early to tell, but that it seemed to be an excellent went on to say that they would keep an eye on it, and if it seemed to be catching on, they would follow his pany3