【正文】 DatabasesRecently, there has been much interest in databases that store multimedia data, such as images, audio, and multimedia data typically are stored outside the database, in files the number of multimedia objects is relatively small, features provided by databases are usually not functionality bees important when the number of multimedia objects stored is such as transactional updates, querying facilities, and indexing then bee objects often have descriptive attributes, such as those indicating when they were created, who created them, and to what category they approach to building a database for such multimedia objects is to use database for storing the descriptive attributes, and for keeping track of the files in which the multimedia objects are , storing multimedia outside the database makes it harder to provide database functionality, such as indexing on the basis of actual multimedia data can also lead to inconsistencies, such a file that is noted in the database, but whose contents are missing, or vice is therefore desirable to store the data themselves in the and Personal DatabasesLargescale mercial databases have traditionally been stored in central puting the case of distributed database applications, there has usually been strong central database and network technology trends have bined to create applications in which this assumption of central control and administration is not entirely correct: increasingly widespread use of personal puters, and, more important, of laptop or “notebook” development of a relatively lowcost wireless digital munication infrastructure, base on wireless localarea networks, cellular digital packet networks, and other puting creates a situation where machines no longer have fixed locations and network plicates query processing, since it bees difficult to determine the optimal location at which to materialize the result of a some cases, the location of the user is a parameter of the example is a traveler’s information system that provides data on hotels, roadside services, and the like to about services that are ahead on the current route must be processed based on knowledge of the user’s location, direction of motion, and (battery power)is a scarce resource for mobile limitation influences many aspects of system the more interesting consequences of the need for energy efficiency is the use of scheduled data broadcasts to reduce the need for mobile system to transmit amounts of data may reside on machines administered by users, rather than by database , these machines may, at times, be disconnected from the Decisionsupport systems are gaining importance, as panies realize the value of the online data collected by their online transactionprocessing extensions to SQL, such as the cube operation, help to support generation of summary mining seeks to discoverknowledge automatically, in the form of statistical rules and patterns from large visualization systems help humans to discover such knowledge databases are finding increasing use today to store puteraided design data as well as geographic data are stored primarily as vector data。并在每篇中文譯文首頁(yè)用“腳注”形式注明原文作者及出處，中文譯文后應(yīng)附外文原文。為提高畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的質(zhì)量，并與教育廳評(píng)審要求相一致，經(jīng)研究決定，2005屆畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）要求翻譯2篇外文文獻(xiàn)，, 每篇外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯的中文字?jǐn)?shù)一般要求2000－3000左右。t39。jek39。jek39。since the membership values are always less than 1, this narrows the membership function.”Extremely“ cubes the values to give greater narrowing, while ”somewhat“ broadens the function by taking the square practice, the fuzzy rule sets usually have several antecedents that are bined using fuzzy operators, such as AND, OR, and NOT, though again the definitions tend to vary: AND, in one popular definition, simply uses the minimum weight of all the antecedents, while OR uses the maximum is also a NOT operator that subtracts a membership function from 1 to give the ”plementary“ are several ways to define the result of a rule, but one of the most mon and simplest is the ”maxmin“ inference method, in which the output membership function is given the truth value generated by the can be solved in parallel in hardware, or sequentially in results of all the rules that have fired are ”defuzzified“ to a crisp value by one of several are dozens in theory, each with various advantages and ”centroid“ method is very popular, in which the ”center of mass“ of the result provides the crisp approach is the ”height“ method, which takes the value of the biggest centroid method favors the rule with the output of黃石理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯greatest area, while the height method obviously favors the rule with the greatest output diagram below demonstrates maxmin inferring and centroid defuzzification for a system with input variables ”x“, ”y“, and ”z“ and an output variable ”n“.Note that ”mu“ is standard fuzzylogic nomenclature for ”truth value“:Fuzzy control system design is based on empirical methods, basically a methodical approach to general process is as follows: the system39。a turbidity sensor that measures scattered and transmitted light to measure the soiling of the wash。robots, voicecontrolled robot helicopters Work on fuzzy systems is also proceeding in the US and US Environmental Protection Agency has investigated fuzzy control for energyefficient motors, and NASA has studied fuzzy control for automated space docking: simulations show that a fuzzy control system can greatly reduce fuel such as Boeing, General Motors, AllenBradley, Chrysler, Eaton, and Whirlpool have worked on fuzzy logic for use in lowpower refrigerators, improved automotive transmissions, and energyefficient electric 1995 Maytag introduced an ”intelligent“ dishwasher based on a fuzzy controller and a ”onestop sensing module“ that bines a thermistor, for temperature measurement。s fuzzy control system uses 12 inputs: 6 to obtain the current clarity data provided by the CCD and 6 to measure the rate of change of lens output is the position of the fuzzy control syst