曼昆宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)名詞解釋-(中英文)-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 training, and experience.人力資本：工人通過(guò)教育、培訓(xùn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而獲得的知識(shí)與技能。Catchup effect is the property whereby continues that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.追趕效應(yīng)：開(kāi)始時(shí)貧窮的國(guó)家傾向于比開(kāi)始時(shí)富裕的國(guó)家增長(zhǎng)更快。Stock is a claim to partial ownership in a firm股票：企業(yè)部分所有權(quán)的索取權(quán)。Private saving is the ine that households have left after paying for taxes and consumption.私人儲(chǔ)蓄：家庭在支付了稅收和消費(fèi)之后剩下來(lái)的收入。Market for loanable funds are the market in which those who want to save supply funds those who want to borrow to invest demand funds.可貸資金市場(chǎng)：想儲(chǔ)蓄的人借以提供資金、想借錢投資的人借以借貸資金的市場(chǎng)。Future value: the amount of money in the future that an amount of money today will yield, given prevailing interest rates.未來(lái)值：在現(xiàn)行利率既定時(shí)，現(xiàn)在的貨幣量將帶來(lái)的未來(lái)貨幣量。Idiosyncratic risk: risk that affects only a single economic actor.企業(yè)特有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：只影響一個(gè)公司的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Informationally efficient: reflecting all available information in a rational way.信息有效：以理性方式反映所有可獲得的信息的有關(guān)資產(chǎn)價(jià)格的描述。Laborforce participation rate is the percentage of the adult population that is in the labor force.勞動(dòng)力參工率：勞動(dòng)力占成年人口的百分比。Frictional unemployment is the unemployment that results because it takes time for workers to search for the jobs that best suit their tastes and skills.摩擦性失業(yè)：由于工人尋找最適合自己嗜好和技能的工作需要時(shí)間而引起的失業(yè)。Union is a worker association that bargains with employers over wages and working conditions工會(huì)：與雇主就工資、津貼和工作條件進(jìn)行談判的工人協(xié)會(huì)。Medium of exchange is an item that buyers give to sellers when they want to purchase goods and services.交換媒介：買者在購(gòu)買物品與勞務(wù)時(shí)給予賣者的東西。Commodity money is money that takes the form of a modity with intrinsic value.商品貨幣：以有內(nèi)在價(jià)值的商品為形式的貨幣。Federal reserve(Fed）：the central bank of the United States.聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備：美國(guó)的中央銀行。Reserves are deposits that banks have received but have not loaned out.準(zhǔn)備金：銀行得到但沒(méi)有貸出去的存款。Openmarket operation is the purchase and sale of . government bonds by the Fed.公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)活動(dòng)：美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)買賣美國(guó)政府債券。Nominal variables are variables measured in monetary units.名義變量：按貨幣單位衡量的變量。Velocity of money is the rate at which money changes hands.貨幣流通速度：貨幣易手的速度。Shoeleather costs are the resources wasted when inflation encourages people to reduce their money holdings.皮鞋成本：當(dāng)通貨膨脹鼓勵(lì)人們減少貨幣持有量時(shí)所浪費(fèi)的資源。Model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply is the model that most economists use to explain shortrun fluctuations in economic activity around its longrun trend.總需求與總供給模型：大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家用來(lái)解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)圍繞其長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)的短期波動(dòng)的模型Aggregatedemand curve is a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level.總需求曲線：表示在每一種物價(jià)水平時(shí)，家庭、企業(yè)、政府和外國(guó)客戶想要購(gòu)買的物品與勞務(wù)量的曲線。Multiplier effect is the additional shifts in aggregate demand that result when expansionary fiscal policy increases ine and thereby increases consumers spending.乘數(shù)效應(yīng)：當(dāng)擴(kuò)張性財(cái)政政策增加了收入，從而增加了消費(fèi)支出時(shí)引起的總需求的額外變動(dòng)
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