曼昆宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)名詞解釋-(中英文)(參考版)
2025-08-04 21:39本頁面
【正文】 。Crowdingout effect is the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.擠出效應(yīng)：當(dāng)擴張性財政政策引起利率上升，從而減少了投資支出時所引起的總需求減少。第二十四章 THE INFLUERNCE OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY ON AGGREGATE DEMAND 貨幣政策和財政政策對總需求的影響Theory of liquidity preference is Keynes’s theory that the interest rate adjusts to bring money supply and money demand into balance.流動性偏好理論：凱恩斯的理論，認(rèn)為利率的調(diào)整使貨幣供給與貨幣需求平衡。Aggregatesupply curve is a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that firms choose to produce and sell at each price level.總供給曲線：表示在每一種物價水平時，企業(yè)選擇生產(chǎn)并銷售的物品與勞務(wù)量的一條曲線。Depression is a severe recession.蕭條：嚴(yán)重的衰退。Menu costs are the costs of changing prices.菜單成本：改變價格的成本。Fisher effect is the oneforone adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflation rate.費雪效應(yīng)：名義利率對通貨膨脹率所進(jìn)行的一對一的調(diào)整。Quantity equation is the equation M*V=P*Y which relates the quantity of money, the velocity of money, and the dollar value of the economy’s output of goods and services.數(shù)量方程式：方程式M*V=P*Y,這個公式把貨幣量、貨幣流通速度和經(jīng)濟(jì)中物品與勞務(wù)產(chǎn)出的美元價值聯(lián)系在一起。Monetary neutrality is the proposition that changes in the money supply do not affect real variables.貨幣中性：認(rèn)為貨幣供給變動并不影響真實變量的觀點。Real variables are variables measured in physical units.真實變量：按實物單位衡量的變量。第二十二章 MONEY GROWTH AND INFLATION 貨幣增長與通貨膨脹Quantity theory of money:a theory asserting that the quantity of money available determines the price level and that the growth rate in the quantity of money available determines the inflation rate貨幣數(shù)量論：一種認(rèn)為可得到的貨幣量覺決定物價水平，可得到的貨幣量的增長率決定通貨膨脹率的理論。Reserve requirements are regulations on the minimum amount of reserves that banks must hold against deposits法定準(zhǔn)備金：關(guān)于銀行必須根據(jù)其存款持有的最低準(zhǔn)備金量的規(guī)定。Money multiplier is the amount of money the banking system generates with each dollar of reserve貨幣乘數(shù)：銀行體系用1美元準(zhǔn)備金所產(chǎn)生的貨幣量。Fractionalreserve banking is a banking in which banks hold only a fraction of deposits as reserves部分準(zhǔn)備金銀行：只把部分存款作為準(zhǔn)備金的銀行制度。Monetary policy is the setting of the money supply by policymakers in the central bank貨幣政策：中央銀行的決策者對貨幣供給的安排。Central bank: an institution designed to oversee the banking system and regulate the quantity of money in the economic.中央銀行：為了監(jiān)管銀行體系和調(diào)節(jié)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的貨幣量而設(shè)計的機構(gòu)。Demand deposits are balances in bank accounts that depositions can access on demand by writing a check.活期存款：儲戶可以通過開支票而隨時支取的銀行賬戶余額。Fiat money is money without intrinsic value fiat is used as money because of government decree.法定貨幣：沒有內(nèi)在價值、由政府法令確定作為通貨使用的貨幣。Liquidity is the ease with which an asset can be converted into the economy’s medium of exchange.流動性：一種資產(chǎn)兌換為經(jīng)濟(jì)中交換媒介的容易程度。Unit of account is the yardstick people use to post prices and record debts.計價單位：人們用來表示價格和記錄債務(wù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第二十一章 THE MONETARY SYSTEM 貨幣制度
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