【正文】 儲，港口工業(yè)、商貿(mào)和城市開發(fā)潛力挖掘不夠。因此，港口物流業(yè)的發(fā)展正越來越社會化和專業(yè)化。然而，港口開展物流服務(wù)并不是盲目的去仿效和攀比，而是應(yīng)該因地制宜的尋求一種符合港口自身情況的港口物流發(fā)展策略。首先，要對我的指導老師――方知老師表示真誠的感謝。感謝四年來經(jīng)管系的全體老師在學業(yè)上的指導，在生活上的幫助。[M].北京：華夏出版社，1997[8]林淼，宋彬云．我國鐵路運輸發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的SWOT分析[A]．鐵道運輸與經(jīng)濟[9]羅貫三．港航物流是重慶發(fā)展現(xiàn)代物流的首選[J]．中國港口，2008[10]夏東進．論國外港口物流發(fā)展對我國的啟示[J]．現(xiàn)代商貿(mào)工業(yè)，2009[11]尚芯新．關(guān)于港口物流發(fā)展的幾點思考[J]．中國新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)品，2009[12]王小平，沈宏賓．我國港口物流現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢[J]．物流工程與管理，2009[13]李?。貞c發(fā)展港口物流初探[J]．商場現(xiàn)代化，2008[14]趙毅．香港港口物流發(fā)展初探[M]．江蘇城市規(guī)劃，2009[15]葉青．重慶港物流發(fā)展SWOT分析與對策[J]．中國水運，2004[16]Martin Christopher．Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementStrategies for Reducing Costs and Improving Services [M]．Financial Times/Pitman Publishing，1994[17] Benjamin S Blanchard．Logistics Engineering and Management (4th Edition) [M]. Rentice Hall, 1992[18]James C. Johnson, Donald F. 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New York: John Wiley amp。t be negotiated in banks because it is not plying with the clean and shipped B／L stipulated in L／C．In order to obtain the clean B／L．the shipper surrenders L／G to the carrier indicating that the shipper undertakes to indemnify the carrier against loss resulting from the clean B／L issued by the carrier who didn’t transfer the notation from male’s receipt to B/L．Apparently, surrendering L/G is a certain kind of fraud．However．L/G can facilitate the transfer of the flawed goods from the shipper to the carrier．So exchanging L／G for clean B／L is used universally．As a matter of fact, this practice has positive effect in promoting economy and shipping to Some degree． Legal Basis for L／G Validity Exchanging L／G for clean B／L has been an accustomed practice in the international sale of goods and the shipping industry，which can abate the contradiction between the carrier and the shipper when disputes over the flawed goods arise． For instance，America and France deny L／G Validity， However, international convention，Hamburg Rules first formulates the legal status and Validity of L／G in some areas. So the carrier has a fight to claim pensation from the shipper, who issued UQ after indemnified against the third party the loss resulting from L／G But if L／G resulting in defrauding a third party ,including a consignee，such L／G is void even between the carrier and the shipper, and the carrier has no fight to claim pensation from the shipper even if it has indemnified the consignee．(1)Countermeasures of Exchanging L／G for Clean B／L We can see that delivery L／G has both positive and negative effects．To some extent， issuance of L／G is inevitable for smooth delivery of goods．As to the carrier, it should be careful at the acceptance of L/G to the consignee .it should be active to examine the goods and claims pensation immediately when the problem arises. As to the shipper, it should prepare the goods for loading on time and stipulate to accept some notation in sale contract．(2)Countermeasures Adopted by the Consignee In an official and written reply to the problem about L／G Validity, Supreme People’s Court stipulated as follow：“In the carriage of goods by sea，the consignee is not bound by L／G which the shipper issued in exchange for the clean B／L．No matter how L／G is stipulated ,it call’t affect the consignee to claim for pensation against the carrier or the shipper．”the stipulation expresses that the consignee is not bound by L／G and it can increase the possibility of receiving the pensation from the carrier. However, the stipulation that the consignee can claim for pensation doesn’t mean that it call successfully receive the pensation Therefore，if the consignee is not familiar with the shipper and there is no business relationship before ,the consignee shall investigate positively the credit and qualification of the shipper and the carrier through such organization as Bank of China of International Maritime Bureau．When things go wrong, the consignee should bring an action on time before the defrauder receives payment for goods(3) Similarities and Differences of Antidated B／L and Advanced B／L Antidated B／L means that a shipped B／L，whose issue date is prior to the actual shipment date．While Advanced B／L means that a shipped B／L issued when the carrier has not begun loading or pleted shipment .Both antidated B／L and advanced B／L fraudulently record the shipment date．The shipment date recorded in B／L is prior to the actual shipment date if the goods indeed are loaded onto ship in the end．To be specific，similarities are as follows： ① Both kinds of B／L always occur under payment of L／C． 2. Both kinds of B／L involve the conspired fraud between the shipper and the carrier, especially when the shipper is liable for chartering ship or booking space under CIF and CFR trade terms.②Because both kinds of B／L obscure the consignee from the fact of delay in shipment ,when the consignee learn the truth ,it can choose to receive the goods with condition，or to refuse to receive the goods or to claim pensation according to the condition of damage to goods． ③If the issuing bank identifies antidated B／L and advanced B／L．it has the right to refuse negotiation．According to UCP600，a bank assumes no liability or responsibility for the form，sufficiency ,accuracy, genuineness，falsification or legal effect of any document ,which is about bank’S exoneration from liability．However, if the document examined by the bank is false，the bank still has the right to refuse to receive B／L. (4)Causes and Risks of Antidated B／L and Advanced B／L Most antidated B／L are issued by the carder at the request of the shipper．The aim of antidated B／L is that the shipper makes sure that the shipment date is consistent with requirement of the sale contract and L／C，so it Can fulfill the obligation of delivery and settle foreign exchange successfully and smoothly．United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International