【正文】 +”；若B工作之C特質(zhì)為”高”，而A工作的C特質(zhì)為”低”，則A工作移轉(zhuǎn)至B工作時，C特質(zhì)的難易程度為”++”。，表示該工作移轉(zhuǎn)的困難度越高，所要花費的教育訓(xùn)練及人事調(diào)動的成本也可能越高。BPwin更能定義流程活動如何和數(shù)據(jù)、相關(guān)事件、條件等進行互動，藉此找出無效率、浪費或重復(fù)的流程活動予以消除或改善。：公司名稱Imagine That, Inc公司所在地美國相關(guān)產(chǎn)品Extend+Industry、Extend+Manufacturing專長領(lǐng)域企業(yè)流程仿真、工廠制程仿真公司地址6830 Via Del Oro, Suite 230, San Jose, CA 95119 USA電話14083650305傳真14086291251公司網(wǎng)址(三)WorkFlow Analyzer：為一整合了模塊化(Modeling)與仿真(Simulation)的流程規(guī)劃工具軟件，藉由WorkFlow Analyzer使用者可以使用虛擬模式(Virtual Modeling)的功能，建立流程的運作模型，然后任何在模型上做的更動，還可以透過仿真功能，預(yù)視流程改變后造成的影響與效果。若沒有信息科技的促成角色，許多企業(yè)流程再造的做法將無法落實于企業(yè)應(yīng)用。l 技術(shù)整合組件(Technical Integration Component)：處理并支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)格式的整合，使不同來源的數(shù)據(jù)得以互通。每一類的EAI產(chǎn)品有可能是架構(gòu)式或組件式的。MQSeries即是為了因應(yīng)各類軟件及應(yīng)用平臺整合而推出的產(chǎn)品。 Workflow：更高層次的產(chǎn)品，用以對連結(jié)平臺的工作流程(workflow)做管理及控制，并幫助各平臺之間的訊息做流量及傳輸安全控制。(Hub)的架構(gòu)，降低異質(zhì)系統(tǒng)間整合連結(jié)時的復(fù)雜性，并減少必須開發(fā)的連接接口程序。新一代的系統(tǒng)整合軟件即著重于將流程功能、數(shù)據(jù)、使用者接口、平臺等全部分開獨立成為單一模塊，再藉由整合軟件包居中整合串接，形成完整體系。假設(shè)有多個應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)服務(wù)器需要進行流程上的訊息溝通，則必須在各個服務(wù)器上裝置MQSeries，分別透過MQSeries和其它系統(tǒng)做信息傳輸。下表為MQSeries支援的各種平臺：表41 MQSeries支援平臺一覽表Apple MacOS (client only)DG/UX (client only)Digital OpenVMS AXPDigital OpenVMS VAXDigital UNIXDOS (client only)HPUXIBM AIXIBM MVS/ESAIBM OS/2 WarpIBM AS/400IBM TPFIBM VM/ESA (client only)IBM VSE/ESAJava (client only)MS Windows , 95, 98, NTNCR UNIXSequent Siemens Nixdorf SINIXSiemens Nixdorf DC/OSxSCO OpenserverSilicon Graphics IRIXStratus VOS (client only)SunOS (client only)Sun SolarisTandem NonStopUnisys A (client only)二、AMTrixAMTrix是由美商Viewlocity公司(收購瑞典Frontec AMT公司)發(fā)展的系統(tǒng)整合軟件。(一)系統(tǒng)組成以下為AMTrix系統(tǒng)的架構(gòu)圖，分為三大模塊：核心模塊、附加模塊、外部接口。AMTrix以設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)匯集中心(Information Hub)的方式，將所有外圍異質(zhì)系統(tǒng)的交流數(shù)據(jù)集中由AMTrix服務(wù)器做統(tǒng)一管理，省卻因網(wǎng)狀連結(jié)造成的接口工程，大幅降低系統(tǒng)整合時的復(fù)雜度。但最重要的核心模塊Message Builder，定義流程訊息事件及路由規(guī)則時只能用4GL程序語言編輯，并未提供可視化(Visualize)發(fā)展環(huán)境，對日后流程變動時的維護造成較多困難，這是比較可惜的一點。但對于其它如Baan、PeopleSoft、JDEdward等尚無很完整的連結(jié)口(Adapter)。和AMTrix軟件一樣，強調(diào)跨平臺、數(shù)據(jù)庫、操作系統(tǒng)及應(yīng)用程序的異質(zhì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連結(jié)。相對于AMTrix，Extricity的賣點在整合連結(jié)與各連結(jié)點之間的實時互動性(realtime interaction)，所以其系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)拓?fù)洳蓚鹘y(tǒng)ERP的主從式系統(tǒng)(clientserver)。(五)連結(jié)性而Extricity目前就實際建置例子而言，其中除XML傳輸格式已成為系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之外，其它如EDI、HTML等等也有支持。四、i2 RHYTHMi2 RHYTHM是由i2 Technologies ，在市場定位為供應(yīng)鏈管理(SupplyChain Management, SCM)及大型企業(yè)整合軟件包。SCM軟件包一般而言即是針對上述三個優(yōu)勢來源，藉由強化整體供應(yīng)鏈體系的運作效率，來創(chuàng)造或保持企業(yè)在市場上的競爭優(yōu)勢。各產(chǎn)品模塊的功能如下兩表：表42 i2 RHYTHM產(chǎn)品組成及功能一覽表之一Sourcing CollaborationProcurement CollaborationTracking and Reporting Multiround bidsUpload/Download capabilitySupplier and Customer ScorecardNet change export capabilityAutomated optimal bid selectionEmail notification capabilitiesSupplier initiated RFQMultiple real time reporting capabilitiesFramework for multiround RFI processCapability to specify variable bucket typesUpdates to projects and RFQsCapability to create user defined problems and putationsIntegration with PLM through TPScalability and performance enhancementsSupport for Multilevel BOMAdapters from ADW to flat files and vice versaAVL ManagementOrder Configuration using CCSHub to HubMultiple supplier bids on the same RFQAttachment capabilitiesAdvanced bid optimizationAutomatic upload/download capabilityAssembly workflowEnhanced exception workflow managementSpot RFQ workflowBidding capabilityStandard RFQ workflowSupplier performance analysisComprehensive support for PO ManagementBroker Centric ArchitectureTemporal Forecast parisonProject CreationProduct Hierarchy based navigationSpecifications, Attachments, Price ExchangeCustomizable default start dateCategory and attribute based search in catalogSupplier splitsMultiround RFQ within the AVLNet Change capabilityBest bid selection, with graphical supportProblem/exception filteringPermissibility FrameworkBuyer/Supplier Catalog mappingMessages and alerts表43 i2 RHYTHM產(chǎn)品組成及功能一覽表之二Demand CollaborationBookmarksDemand Collaboration WorkflowAudit TrailProduct Collaboration WorkflowHierarchical NavigationSeller Centric Auction of Unallocated ATPEnhanced Exception ModelProduct SubstitutionConfigurable Workflows and Business PoliciesChannel SynchronizationAggregate Level ForecastingException Driven WorkflowMultiple dimension hierarchiesUpload/Download and messagingOrder GenerationUser defined data elementsVMISupport for product hierarchyPartner Performance MetricsApproval workflowMulticollab viewFulfillment CollaborationOrder Level VisibilityEmail notification of POs to suppliersEmail notification of shipments to TSPsBroker Centric ArchitectureCreate POs and shipmentsPromotional EventsEDI capability for EDI sets 850, 855, 204, 990, 856 and 214Aggregate Level ExceptionCreate ASN capability for supplierHierarchical Role Based WorkflowCreate POD capability for TSPWorkflow based ExceptionsXML transmission capabilityHierarchical data measuresRosettaNet pliance: Manage PO PIPsStore Level Forecast CollaborationEvent and time triggered problems and alertsDirect Store ShipmentAdapters to CDM/ADWIntegration with ADW and RAPUpload/Download capabilityAutomated Upload/DownloadIntegration with OMS system for visibility to invoicesIncremental Data LoadAdd EDI 810 capabilityIntegration with VialinkSupport approval workflow(client approval before issue of PO)User Defined exceptions/resolution rulesProvide ability for nonRCP system to queryJapanese versionRCP for shipment status(二)產(chǎn)品特性i2 RHYTHM強調(diào)供應(yīng)鏈的規(guī)劃(planning)及最佳化(optimization)。： i2 RHYTHM專長領(lǐng)域在于整個企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈的管理與整合應(yīng)用，產(chǎn)品目標(biāo)為達成下列功能：(1)讓前端電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)能與后端供應(yīng)鏈管理系統(tǒng)連結(jié)。(5)提供「事件驅(qū)動式流程管理」(eventbased workflow management)機制，以及「實時規(guī)劃」(realtime planning)，降低整體供應(yīng)鏈運作時的長鞭效應(yīng)。(EndtoEnd)供應(yīng)鏈管理，并幫助整個供應(yīng)鏈體系達成JIT(Just In Time)管理的機制。可以預(yù)見在逐步誘導(dǎo)廠商實行電子化流程與電子商務(wù)的過程當(dāng)中，企業(yè)流程再造BPR將仍然是企業(yè)落實商務(wù)做法及建置電子信息系統(tǒng)的過程中不可或缺的重要手段。 Champy (1993)的四階段實施方式做對照，AMA的方法多了一個階段，但基本上AMA的「標(biāo)竿期」(Vision)是從Hammer的四階段(準(zhǔn)備、評估、設(shè)計、建置)中的評估期及設(shè)計期中獨立出來的階段。設(shè)計期4B4B4B4B7(二)軟件工具比較本工具論所介紹的相關(guān)方法工具，和AMA的BPR實施方法步驟比較，可以整理成下