【正文】 d? to be members of the union before they are hired. These arrangements? are illegal under the National Labor Relations Act.?codetermination Codetermination is a form of industrial democracy first? popularized in West Germany. It gives workers the right to have representatives vote on management decisions.?coinsurance clause A coinsurance clause is a provision in an insurance policy that requires the employee to pay a percentage of the insured39。 for example, Florida Human Relations Commission.?deferred stock incentive systems These incentives award stock that bees ?owned by the executive gradually over several years.?delegation Delegation is the process of getting others to share a manager39。s ?actions have a different effect on one or more protected classes.?disparate treatment Disparate treatment occurs when members of a protected class receive unequal treatment.?DrugFree Workplace Act of 1988 This legislation requires that organizations applying for federal grants certify that they will make goodfaith ?efforts to provide a drugfree work place. ??dual responsibility for personnel management Since both line and staff ?managers are responsible for employees, production, and quality of work ?life, a dual responsibility for personnel management exists.?due process Due process means that established rules and procedures for ?disciplinary action are followed and that employees have an opportunity ?to respond to the charges made against them.?early retirement Early retirement occurs when a worker retires from an employer before the normal retirement age.?Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) EAPs are panysponsored programs to help employees overe their personal problems through direct pany assistance, counseling, or outside referral.?employee handbook The employee handbook explains key benefits, policies, ?and general information about the employer.?The Employee Polygraph Protection Act The act prohibits the use of polygraphs in private industry by forbidding any employer engaged in merce or in the production of goods for merce from directly or ?indirectly requiring, requesting, or causing any employee or prospective? employee to take or submit to a lie detector test. Restrictions also cover? use of information regarding results of such a test and the taking of adverse employment action against any employee who refuses, declines, or ?fails to take a lie detector test.?Employee Retirement Ine Security Act (ERISA) ERISA was passed by ?Congress to ensure that employer pension plans meet minimum participation, vesting, and funding requirements.?employment freeze An employment freeze occurs when the organization ?curtails future hiring.?employment function The employment function is that aspect of personnel ?responsible for recruiting, selecting, and hiring new workers. This function is usually handled by the employment section or employment manager of a large personnel department.?employment references Employment references are evaluations of an employee39。s previous experience in providing stable employment.?experiential learning Experiential learning means that participants learn by?? experiencing? in the training environment the kinds of problems they face? on the job.exposure Exposure means being known by those who decide on promotions, transfers, and other career opportunities.?extrapolation?p??on Extrapolation involves extending past rates of change into the?facilitator A facilitator is someone who assists quality circles and the quality circle leader in identifying and solving workplace problems.factor parison method The factor parison method is a form of job ?evaluation that allocates a part of each job39。s work. Instead, employees are allowed to begin and end the workday at their discretion, usually within a range of? hours.?Aexyear Aexyear is an employee scheduling concept that allows workers to? be off the job for part of the year. Employees usually work the normal? work year in less than 12 months.?forced choice method The forced choice method of employee performance ?evaluation requires the rater to choose the most descriptive statement in? each pair of statements about the employee being rated.?forecasts Forecasts predict the organization39。s future demand for employees.?human resource planning Human resource planning systematically forecasts ?an organization39。s economic performance.?Job Information Service The Job Information Service is a feature of state? employment security agencies that enables job seekers to review job bank? listings in their efforts to find employment.?job instruction training Job instruction training is training received directly ?on the job. It is also called onthejobtraining.?job performance standards Job performance standards are the work requirements that are expected from an employee on a particular job.?job posting Job posting informs employees of unfilled job openings and the ?qualifications for these jobs.?job progression ladder A job progression ladder is a particular career path? where some jobs have prerequisites.?job ranking Job ranking is one form of job evaluation that subjectively ranks ?jobs according to their overall worth to the organization.?job rotation Job rotation is the process of moving employees from one job ?to another in order to allow them more variety on their jobs and the? opportunity to learn new skills.?job satisfaction Job satisfaction is the favorableness or unfavorableness with ?which employees view their work.?job sharing Job sharing is a scheduling innovation that allows two or more? workers to share the same job, usually by each working parttime.?job specifications A job specification describes what a job, demands of employees who do it and the human skills that are required.?Job Training Partnership Act of 1983 This act provides federal funds to authorized training contracto