傳染病學(xué)緒論華中科技大學(xué)同濟(jì)醫(yī)學(xué)院-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 Diseases by Etiology in China, 1950’s2022’s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10019501960197019801990199520222022Year(% )Transmitted by sex or blood Gastrointestinal Vectorborne and natural endemic Respiratory Leading Causes of Death Reemerging Infectious Disease ? Why? ? Human Demography and Behavior ? Technology and Industry ? Economic development and Land Use ? Microbial Adaptation and Change ? Breakdown of Public Health Measures ? and Deficiencies in Public Health Natural Environment Destroy Infection and Immunity infection immunity Bolus of infection x virulence immunity Disease = Response to Infection infection x disease Innate immunity adaptive immunity no disease Infection spectrum Primary Infection Repeated Infection Mixed Infection Superinfection Secondary Infection Infection Pathogen eradication Overt infection Clinical Infection Latent infection Pathogen eradication Carrier Patient Colonization Carrier Covert infection Subclinical infection Bacteremia /viremia Clinical Outes of Infection ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① Pathogenic effectiveness of microanisms Pathogenecity Invasiveness (colonization factor) Virulence (exotoxin and endotoxin) Quantity Variability (HBV mutation) Immunity Nonspecific immunity Specific immunity Natural barrier Phagocytosis Humoral factor Cellular immunity plement cytokine lysozyme Humoral immunity IgM IgA IgE IgG Immune Response in Infection Process Cells of the Immune System ? Leukocytes (Not Ag specific) ? neutrophils (PMN’s) ? monocyte/macrophage ? eosinophil ? basophil ? Specialized cells (Ag specific) ? Bcells antibodies ? Tcells T cell’s classification How does the immune system work? MHC class I molecule presenting an epitope Infection and Immune Infection and Immune (herpes simplex) ? Initial infection by herpes simplex virus in the skin is cleared by an effective immune response. ? But residual infection persists in sensory neurons. ? When the virus is reactivated, the skin is reinfected. This can be repeated endlessly. Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Direct Injury Toxin Harmful Immune response Invasion Colonization Output Pathogen Injury Fever Metabolism disorder Endocrine disturbance Development of infectious disease Injury of cells and tissues Disorder of pathophysiology ? Adhesins ? Capsular material ? Proteins (Protein F, Protein M) ? Lipotechoic acids ? Fimbriae amp。990:7516. 4. Cornelis GR. Bacterial infectious diseases. A rejuvenated field. Cell. 2022 Jul 1
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