傳染病學(xué)緒論華中科技大學(xué)同濟(jì)醫(yī)學(xué)院(已修改)
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【正文】 Prof. Qin Ning (寧琴 ), MD. PHD Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital Introduction to Infectious Diseases TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE amp。 TECHNOLOGY What is an Infectious Disease? Infectious Diseases caused by human infection of microanisms and parasites Infection the ability of an anism to invade and establish itself in a host Communicable Infection a disease that is transmitted from person to another What is an Infectious Disease? ? Microanisms ? Bacteria ? Virus ? Prion(盶毒體 ) ? Fungus ? Protozoa (原蟲(chóng) ) ? Helminth (蠕蟲(chóng) ) ? Products from microanisms ? toxins Current Situation Increasingly serious threats from Communicable diseases Reemerging: TB(結(jié)核 ), STD, plague(瘟疫 ), cholera(霍亂 )… Emerging: AIDS, SARS… 020224000600080001965 1975 1985 19957 0 6 1 / 1 0 0 t h u s .1 9 5 / 1 0 0 t h u s .In cide n ce R a te （ 1 /1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ）The Incidence Rate of Communicable Diseases in China Current Situation The Proportion of Different Communicable Diseases by Etiology in China, 1950’s2022’s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10019501960197019801990199520222022Year(% )Transmitted by sex or blood Gastrointestinal Vectorborne and natural endemic Respiratory Leading Causes of Death Reemerging Infectious Disease ? Why? ? Human Demography and Behavior ? Technology and Industry ? Economic development and Land Use ? Microbial Adaptation and Change ? Breakdown of Public Health Measures ? and Deficiencies in Public Health Natural Environment Destroy Infection and Immunity infection immunity Bolus of infection x virulence immunity Disease = Response to Infection infection x disease Innate immunity adaptive immunity no disease Infection spectrum Primary Infection Repeated Infection Mixed Infection Superinfection Secondary Infection Infection Pathogen eradication Overt infection Clinical Infection Latent infection Pathogen eradication Carrier Patient Colonization Carrier Covert infection Subclinical infection Bacteremia /viremia Clinical Outes of Infection ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① Pathogenic effectiveness of microanisms Pathogenecity Invasiveness (colonization factor) Virulence (exotoxin and endotoxin) Quantity Variability (HBV mutation) Immunity Nonspecific immunity Specific immunity Natural barrier Phagocytosis Humoral factor Cellular immunity plement cytokine lysozyme Humoral immunity IgM IgA IgE IgG Immune Response in Infection Process Cells of
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