《運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)》ppt課件-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 f hypoglossal canal 舌下神經(jīng)管內(nèi)口 ? internal occipital protuberance 枕內(nèi)隆凸 ? internal occipital crest枕內(nèi)嵴 ? sulcus for transverse sinus 橫竇溝 ? sulcus for sigmoid sinus 乙狀竇溝 ? jugular foramen 頸靜脈孔 ? internal acoustic pore 內(nèi)耳門 ? internal acoustic meatus 內(nèi)耳道 Skull seen from below (inferior view) ? alveolar arch 牙槽弓 ? bony palate 骨腭 ? median palatine suture 腭正中縫 ? incisive foramina 切牙孔 ? incisive canal 切牙管 ? greater palatine foramen 腭大孔 ? posterior nasal apertures 鼻后孔 ? pterygoid process 翼突 ? occipital condyle 枕髁 ? external opening of hypoglossal canal 舌下神經(jīng)管外口 ? external opening of carotid canal 頸動(dòng)脈管外口 ? styloid process 莖突 ? stylomastoid foramen 莖乳孔 ? mandibular fossa 下頜窩 ? articular tubercle 關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)節(jié) Lateral view of the skull 顱側(cè)面觀 ? external acoustic pore 外耳門 ? mastoid process 乳突 ? zygomatic arch 顴弓 ? temporal fossa 顳窩 ? pterion 翼點(diǎn) ? pterygomaxillary fissure 翼上頜裂 ? pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窩 ? sphenopalatine foramen 蝶腭孔 Skull viewed from the front (anterior view) 顱的前面觀 ? Frontal region: ? frontal squama 額鱗 ? frontal tuber 額結(jié)節(jié) ? superciliary arch 眉弓 ? glabella 眉間 Orbit 眶 pyramidshaped paired cavities ? Base: supraorbital notch 眶上切跡 infraorbital foramen 眶下孔 ? Apex: optic canal 視神經(jīng)管 ? Walls ? Superior: fossa for lacrimal gland 淚腺窩 ? Medial: fossa for lacrimal sac 淚囊窩 ? Inferior: infraorbital fissure 眶下裂 ? infraorbital groove 眶下溝 ? infraorbital canal 眶下管 Bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔 ? Roof: cribriform plate of ethmoid ? Floor: bony palate ? Lateral wall ? Three nasal conchae (superior, middle and inferior) 上、中、下鼻甲 ? Nasal meatus underlying each concha (superior, middle and inferior) 上、中、下鼻道 ? Sphenoethmoidal recess蝶篩隱窩 above superior nasal concha ? Anterior ― piriform aperture 梨狀孔 ? Posterior ― posterior nasal aperture 鼻后孔 municates with pharynx Paranasal sinuses 鼻旁竇 ? Frontal sinus 額竇 ? Lies in frontal bone, deep to superciliary arch ? Drain to anterior part of middle meatus ? Maxillary sinus 上頜竇 ? Largest paired sinus, lie in the body of maxilla。 ? Inanic salts無(wú)機(jī)質(zhì) ： 主要是 堿性磷酸鈣。了解內(nèi)容則要求學(xué)生達(dá)到一般的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解。實(shí)地解剖采取分組形式，在教師指導(dǎo)下，按照解剖操作指導(dǎo)，參照?qǐng)D譜由學(xué)生親自動(dòng)手解剖尸體，部分內(nèi)容觀察標(biāo)本和模型。 ? 王清任（ 1768～ 1831）編著的 《 醫(yī)林改錯(cuò) 》更為詳細(xì)的描述了解剖學(xué)知識(shí)。著有 《 血液循環(huán)論 》 、 《 動(dòng)物的發(fā)生 》兩書。Human anatomy 山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院 解剖教研室 李振華 Basic Concepts of Anatomy ? Definition: human anatomy, the oldest science dealing with the structures and functions of body ? Gross anatomy: ? systematic anatomy ? regional anatomy ? Applied anatomy ? Clinical anatomy 人體解剖學(xué)發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史 Hippcrates Hippocrates希波克拉底（公元前 460~377）古希臘名醫(yī)、解剖學(xué)鼻祖。 Vesalius Harvey Harvey(1578~1657) 解剖生理學(xué)家，發(fā)現(xiàn)了血液循環(huán)的原理，確定血液是在一個(gè)封閉的管道內(nèi)循環(huán)。 ? 兩宋時(shí)代 《 五臟六腑 》 、 《 存真圖 》 描述了解剖學(xué)知識(shí)。主要講授各系統(tǒng)的總論和各解剖操作區(qū)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。掌握內(nèi)容為重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，學(xué)生必須通過反復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)與思考達(dá)到牢固掌握、熟練描述、準(zhǔn)確指認(rèn)和聯(lián)系實(shí)際應(yīng)用的程度。構(gòu)成支架，賦予骨的彈性和韌性。 ? Opening into middle nasal meatus ? Ethmoidal cellules 篩竇 ? Lie in ethmoidal bone, contains large number of air cells, divided into anterior, middle and posterior groups ? Anterior and middle groups drain into middle nasal meatus, while posterior group drains into superior nasal meatus ? Sphenoidal sinus 蝶竇 ? Lies in body of sphenoid bone ? Drain into sphenoethmoidal recess General characters of the skull at birth ? The skull at birth is large in proportion to rest of the skeleton ―1/4 (adult 1/7) ? The facial portion equals about one eight that of the cranium in size, whereas in adult it is one half (1/4) ? Many bones consist of more than one piece ? Cranial frontanelles ―unossified membrane between the bones at the angles of parietal ? Anterior frontanelle ―closes during middle of 2nd year ? Posterior frontanelle ―closes by the end of 2nd month after birth ? Mastoid fontanelle ? Sphenoidal fontanelle
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