【正文】 Mandible下頜骨 ? Body of mandible ? Superior border: alveolar arch 牙槽弓 ? Inferior border: base of mandible下頜底 ? Outer surface: mental protuberance 頦隆凸 , mental foramen 頦孔 ? Inner surface: mental spine頦棘 , digastric fossa二腹肌窩 ? Ramus: has two vertical processes separated by mandibular notch下頜切跡 ? Coronoid process 冠突 ? Condylar process 髁突 ? head of mandible 下頜頭 ? neck of mandible 下頜頸 ? Mandibular foramen 下頜孔 ， mandibular lingula下頜小舌 ? Angle of mandible下頜角 ? Masseteric tuberocity 咬肌粗隆 The skull as a whole 顱的整體觀 Skull viewed from above (superior view) ? Bones: frontal額 , paired parietal頂 , occipital枕 ? Sutures: ? coronal冠狀縫 , ? sagittal 矢狀縫 , ? lambdoid人字縫 ? parietal tuber 頂結節(jié) ， parietal foramen頂孔 Internal surface of the calvaria ? sulcus for superior sagittal sinus上矢狀竇溝 ? granular foveola 顆粒小凹 ? arterial grooves 動脈溝 Skull viewed from behind ? external occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸 ? superior nuchal line上項線 Internal view of base of skull 顱底內面觀 Base of skull forms three fossae ? Anterior cranial fossa 顱前窩 ? Meddle cranial fossa 顱中窩 ? Posterior cranial fossa 顱后窩 Anterior cranial fossa 顱前窩 ? Formed by orbital part of frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and lesser wings of sphenoid ? Structures: ? frontal crest額嵴 ? foramen cecum 盲孔 ? crista galli 雞冠 ? cribriform plate 篩板 ? cribriform foramina 篩孔 Meddle cranial fossa 顱中窩 ? Formed by the body and greater wings of sphenoid, petrous part of temporal ? Structures: ? body of sphenoid bone 蝶骨體 ? hypophysial fossa 垂體窩 ? optic canal 視神經管 ? anterior clinoid process 前床突 ? tuberculum sellae 鞍結節(jié) ? dorsum sellae 鞍背 ? posterior clinoid process 后床突 ? sella turcica 蝶鞍 Meddle cranial fossa 顱中窩 ? carotid sulcus 頸動脈溝 ? superior orbital fissure 眶上裂 ? foramen rotundum 圓孔 ? foramen ovale 卵圓孔 ? foramen spinosum 棘孔 ? sulcus for middle meningeal artery 腦膜中動脈溝 ? foramen lacerum 破裂孔 ? internal opening of carotid canal 頸脈管內口 ? trigeminal impression 三叉神經壓跡 ? tegmen tympani 鼓室蓋 Posterior cranial fossa 顱后窩 ? Formed by occipital and the petrous part of temporal ? Structures: ? foramen magnum 枕骨大孔 ? clivus 斜坡 ? internal opening of hypoglossal canal 舌下神經管內口 ? internal occipital protuberance 枕內隆凸 ? internal occipital crest枕內嵴 ? sulcus for transverse sinus 橫竇溝 ? sulcus for sigmoid sinus 乙狀竇溝 ? jugular foramen 頸靜脈孔 ? internal acoustic pore 內耳門 ? internal acoustic meatus 內耳道 Skull seen from below (inferior view) ? alveolar arch 牙槽弓 ? bony palate 骨腭 ? median palatine suture 腭正中縫 ? incisive foramina 切牙孔 ? incisive canal 切牙管 ? greater palatine foramen 腭大孔 ? posterior nasal apertures 鼻后孔 ? pterygoid process 翼突 ? occipital condyle 枕髁 ? external opening of hypoglossal canal 舌下神經管外口 ? external opening of carotid canal 頸動脈管外口 ? styloid process 莖突 ? stylomastoid foramen 莖乳孔 ? mandibular fossa 下頜窩 ? articular tubercle 關節(jié)結節(jié) Lateral view of the skull 顱側面觀 ? external acoustic pore 外耳門 ? mastoid process 乳突 ? zygomatic arch 顴弓 ? temporal fossa 顳窩 ? pterion 翼點 ? pterygomaxillary fissure 翼上頜裂 ? pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窩 ? sphenopalatine foramen 蝶腭孔 Skull viewed from the front (anterior view) 顱的前面觀 ? Frontal region: ? frontal squama 額鱗 ? frontal tuber 額結節(jié) ? superciliary arch 眉弓 ? glabella 眉間 Orbit 眶 pyramidshaped paired cavities ? Base: supraorbital notch 眶上切跡 infraorbital foramen 眶下孔 ? Apex: optic canal 視神經管 ? Walls ? Superior: fossa for lacrimal gland 淚腺窩 ? Medial: fossa for lacrimal sac 淚囊窩 ? Inferior: infraorbital fissure 眶下裂 ? infraorbital groove 眶下溝 ? infraorbital canal 眶下管 Bony n