【正文】 ection. In addition, there are die installation, adjustment, use and maintenance. 1. Die Design on Life (1) Layout design of layout methods and take the boundary value a great impact on the die life, too small to take the boundary value, often causing rapid wear and convex mold, die bite wounds on the. Starting from material savings, take the boundary value smaller the better, but take the edge is less than some value, the cut surface of the mold and the quality of life adversely. There will be left behind in the blanking die Qgap were to produce spare parts glitch, or even damage the die edge, reduce die life. Therefore, consider increasing the material utilization of the same time, parts must yield, quality and life expectancy to determine the layout methods and take the boundary. (2) die structure prone to stress concentration on the cracking of the die structure, posite structure can be used or mosaic structure, and prestressed structure to enhance the mold life. (3) the impact of clearance when the gap is too small, pressed extrusion of interest, increased friction, increased wear, the wear side of aggravated discharge and push pieces after blanking time, materials and convex, the friction between die will cause wear and tear than the end edge on the side of the grinding much, but also easily lead to convex, concave mold temperature is high, the adsorption of metal debris in the side edge to form a metal tumor, so that male and female die chipping or expansion occurs crack phenomenon. Therefore, the gap is too small to Die Life very bad. Gap is too large will increase the punch and the die face the edge of the concentration of stress, resulting in a sharp increase in stress, so blade edge quickly lose angular yield deformation. Therefore, addition of blanking force, thereby enabling faster edge edge wear, reduce die life. But in order to reduce the male and female die wear, extending mold life, while ensuring quality of stamping pieces under the premise that larger space designed properly it is necessary. (4) Dieoriented structure of the life of a reliable guide for the working parts reduce wear, prevent male and female die bite wound is very effective. In particular, nonsmallQ gap Q gap or Die, pound die and multiposition progressive die even more important. To improve the die life, must be based on processes and the demand of precision, the correct choiceoriented form and orientation accuracy, the choice should be higher than the accuracyoriented convex, concave mold with precision. (5) the impact of cold stamping materials, cold stamping materials selected should meet the design requirements of workpieces and stamping process requirements, or easy to mold damage and reduce mold life. Poor surface quality of cold stamping, punching, cracking when the workpiece is also easy to scratch mold. Bad cold stamping plastic materials, deformation is small, easy to press when the workpiece rupture, but also easy to scratch mold. In addition, the material thickness tolerances shall ply with national standards. Die because of a certain thickness of material suitable for forming, bending, flanging, drawing die of the male and female die structure gap is directly determined by the thickness of the material. Therefore, uneven thickness, will result in waste generation and mold damage. 2. Die Die Life of Die Die Life of a mold material properties, chemical position, structure, hardness and prehensive reflection of metallurgical quality. Among them, the material properties and heat treatment affect the quality of the most obvious. Mold material properties on the impact of die life is great. If the same workpiece, using a different mold material of the bending test, the test results: The 9Mn2V material, the life of 5 million。沖壓 是在室溫下，利用安裝在壓力機上的模具對材料施加壓力，使其產生分離或塑性變形，從而獲得所需零件的一種壓力加工方法。 （ 3）拉深模 是把板料毛坯制成開口空心件，或使空心件進一步改變形狀和尺寸的模具。 （ 2）復合模 只有一個工位，在壓力機的一次行程中，在同一工位上同時完成兩道或兩道以上沖壓工序的模具。本發(fā)明的優(yōu)點是本發(fā)明制成的冷沖壓模具及其配件使用壽命長，在沖壓過程中未出現(xiàn)模具及其配件與沖壓件產生粘結現(xiàn)象，沖壓件表面光滑、無毛刺，完全可以替代傳統(tǒng)高速鋼、鎢鋼材料。凸凹模不但精密而且復雜，它應滿足如下要求： （ 1）應有足夠的強度，不能在沖壓過程中斷裂或破壞． （ 2）對其材料及熱處理應有適當要求，防止硬度太高而脆裂。 壓邊圈可對拉延坯料加壓邊力，從而防止坯料在切向壓力的作用下拱起而形成皺褶。卸料板應盡量縮小閉合區(qū)域或在操作位置上銑出空手槽。因此，導柱、導套的間隙應小于沖裁間隙。 上下模板是冷沖模具的基礎零件，其他各種零件都分別安裝固定在上面。墊板的間距以能出件為準，不要太大，以免模板斷裂。近年來， 冷沖模具工業(yè)一直以 15%左右的增長速度快速發(fā)展，冷沖模具工業(yè)企業(yè)的所有制成分也發(fā)生了巨大變化，除了國有專業(yè)模具廠外，集體、合資、獨資和私營也得到了快速發(fā)展。一些國 內模具企業(yè)已普及了二維 CAD，并陸續(xù)開始使用 UG、 Pro/Engineer、IDEAS、 EuclidIS等國際通用軟件，個別廠家還引進了 Moldflow、 CFlow、 DYNAFORM、Optris 和 MAGMASOFT 等 CAE 軟件，并成功應用于沖壓模的設計中。 雖然中國冷沖模具工業(yè)在過去十多年中取得了令人矚目的發(fā)展，但許多方面與工業(yè)發(fā)達國家相比仍有較大的差距。 (3)滿足大量生產需要以及減輕勞動強度 .應加強冷沖壓生產的機械化和自動化研究 ,使一般中、小件能在高速壓力機上采用多工位級進模生產 ,達到生產高度自動化 ,進一步提高沖壓的生產率。 冷沖模具使用壽命的影響及對策 冷沖模具的使用壽命是以沖制出的工件數(shù)量來計算的。 1．模具設計對壽命的影響 (1)排樣設計的影響排樣方法與搭邊值對模具壽命的影響很大，過小的搭邊值，往往是造成模具急劇磨損和凸、凹模啃傷的重要原因。 (2)凹模結 構的影響對容易產生應力集中而開裂的凹模結構，可以采用組合結構或鑲拼結構，以及預應力結構，從而提高模具使用壽命。 因此又增加了沖裁力，進而使刃口邊更快磨損，降低模具壽命。為提高模具壽命，必須根據(jù)工序和零件精度要求，正確選擇導向形式和導向精度，所選擇導向精度應高于凸、凹模的配合精度。另外，材料的厚度公差應符合國家標準。其中，材料性質和熱處理質量影響最為明顯。模具工作零件的硬度對模具壽命的影響也很大。如采用 T10 鋼制造沖模，硬度為 54～ 58HRC，只沖幾千次，制件毛刺就很大。由此可見，模具硬度必須根據(jù)材料性質和失效形式而定。根據(jù)模具失效原因的分析統(tǒng)計，熱處理不當引起的失效占 50％ 以上。除氮碳共滲和離子氮化、滲硼、滲鈮、滲釩、表面鍍硬鉻和電火花強化外，化學氣相沉積 (CVD)和物理氣相沉積 (PVD)已逐 步采用。如用Crl2MoV 鋼制造落料模，如果表面粗糙度值 R =1． 6 m 時，其壽命為 3 萬件左右。 (2)沖模在壓力機上安裝的正確與否及操作者的技術水平高低，對模具壽命也有很大影響。因為一副冷沖模，從設計、加工制造、裝配、調試到安裝、使用，都耗費了眾多工時，同時沖模的凸、凹模使用的材料，大都是優(yōu)質