【正文】 ng, with the rapid development of the national economy, the market demand with the growing Die. In recent years, Die with the industry has been around 15% growth rate of the rapid development of industrial enterprises with ownership Die ponents also changed dramatically, in addition to the professional mold factory outside of stateowned, collective, joint ventures, whollyowned and private has been a rapid development. As with the accelerating pace of international integration, the increasing petition in the market, it has been increasingly recognized product quality, cost, and new product development capacities. The cold die manufacturing is the most basic elements of the chain, one of the cold die manufacturing technology to measure a country39。 many advanced mold technology not widely so, resulting in a considerable number of large, sophisticated, plex and long Die life with dependence on imports. With the continuous progress of science and technology, modern industrial production of increasingly plex and diverse, product performance and quality is ever increasing, thus the cold stamping technology put forward higher requirements. In order to adapt to the cold stamping technology industry needs, cold stamping technology itself also in innovation and development. cold stamping technology idea is to improve and expand as much as possible the advantages of the cold stamping process, to overe its shortings. in the cold stamping technology development, should note the following aspects: (1) cold stamping technology process parameters should be properly identified and Die with the work of some of the shape and size, to improve the quality of stamping parts and shorten the new product production cycle should be in strengthening the metal forming the basis of theoretical studies, to metal forming theory to practice can produce a direction, and gradually establish a close connection with the actual production of the advanced process of calculation. abroad have begun to use plastic finite element method, automobile parts forming process of the stress and strain analysis and puter simulation to predict the forming part of a process plan on the possibilities and potential problems. (2) to accelerate product replacement, mold design to overe the shortings of a long cycle. Should vigorously carry out puteraided design and manufacture of molds (CAD / CAM) Research. In my country, paying particular attention to strengthening the multiposition progressive die CAD / CAM Technology. (3) to meet the needs of mass production, and reduce labor intensity. Should strengthen cold stamping of mechanized and automated, so that the average, small pieces of highspeed presses in a multiposition progressive die production, production reached a high degree of automation to further improve stamping productivity. (4) expand the scope of application of cold stamping production. So cold pressing both s uitable for mass production, but also for small batch production。s technical level, on the tool life is also greatly affected. (3) dies in the custody and maintenance of good and bad, and the use of lubricant condition also affects mold life. 6. Conclusion In actual production, sheet metal dies for use, rare case of nonnormal wear and tear. But when the die plate was found prone to irregular wear, we always study for the problems summarized. Because of a cold die, from the design, manufacture, assembly, missioning and installation and use, all spent many hours, while the convex die, die material used, mostly highquality alloy steel. Therefore, the die cost is relatively high. Therefore, in the production of understanding the factors that affect the die life and take the appropriate measures to guide the production of great practical significance. 冷沖模具使用壽命的影響及對(duì)策 沖壓模具概述 沖壓模具 在冷沖壓加工中，將材料（金屬或非金屬）加工成零件（或半成品）的一種特殊工藝裝備，稱(chēng)為冷沖壓模具（俗稱(chēng)冷沖模）。 （ 2）彎曲模 使板料毛坯或其他坯料沿著直線（彎曲線）產(chǎn)生彎曲變形，從而獲得一定角度和形狀的工件的模具。 ２ ．根據(jù)工序組合程度分類(lèi) （ 1）單工序模 在壓力機(jī)的一次行程中，只完成一道沖壓工序的模具。 冷沖壓模具是一種應(yīng)用于模具行業(yè)冷沖壓模具及其配件所需高性能結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷材料的制備方法，高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料由氧化鋯、氧化釔粉中加鋁、鐠元素構(gòu)成，制備工藝是將氧化鋯 溶液、氧化釔溶液、氧化鐠溶液、氧化鋁溶液按一定比例混合配成母液，滴入碳酸氫銨，采用共沉淀方法合成模具及其配件陶瓷材料所需的原材料，反應(yīng)生成的沉淀經(jīng)濾水、干燥，煅燒得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料超微粉，再經(jīng)過(guò)成型、燒結(jié)、精加工，便得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料。 （一）模具的主要零件、作用及安全要求 1．工作零件凸凹模是直接使坯料成形的工作零件，因此，它是模具上的關(guān)鍵零件。 3．壓料、卸料及出料零件壓料零件有壓邊圈、壓料板等。它們由彈簧、橡膠和設(shè)備上的氣墊推桿支撐，可上下運(yùn)動(dòng)，頂出件設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)具有足夠的頂出力，運(yùn)動(dòng)要有限位。其作用是保證凸凹模在沖壓工作時(shí)有精確的配合間隙。 5．支承及夾持零件它包括上下模板、模柄、凸凹模固定板、墊板、限位器等。這時(shí)墊板最好與模板之間用螺釘連接在一起，兩墊板的厚度應(yīng)絕對(duì)相等。 冷沖模具的發(fā)展 改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)對(duì)冷沖模具的需求量不斷增長(zhǎng)。 近年許多冷沖模具企業(yè)加大了用于技術(shù)進(jìn)步的投資力度，將技術(shù)進(jìn)步視為企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿?。?jīng)過(guò)多年的努力，在模具 CAD/CAE/CAM 技術(shù)方面取得了顯 著進(jìn)步；在提高模具質(zhì)量和縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)制造周期等方面做出了貢獻(xiàn)。 (2)加快產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代 ,克服模具設(shè)計(jì)周期長(zhǎng)的缺點(diǎn) .應(yīng)大力開(kāi)展模具計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和制造 (CAD/CAM)技術(shù)的研究 .在我國(guó) ,目前要特別注意加強(qiáng)多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模 CAD/CAM 技術(shù)的研究。 此外 ,對(duì)沖壓板料性能的改進(jìn) ,模具新材料、模具新加工方法的開(kāi)發(fā)也應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。除此之外，還有沖模的安裝、調(diào)整、使用以及維修等。因此，在考慮提高材料利用率的同時(shí)，必須根據(jù)零件產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量和壽命，確定排樣方法和搭邊值。間隙太大，會(huì)增加凸模與凹模端面邊緣的集中應(yīng)力，致使壓應(yīng)力急劇增加，于是刃口邊很快屈服變形而失去棱角。特別對(duì)無(wú)問(wèn)隙或小問(wèn)隙沖裁模、復(fù)合模和多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模更為重要。冷沖壓材料塑性不好，變形量小，沖壓時(shí)制件易破裂，也易擦傷模具。 2．模具材料對(duì)模具壽命的影響 模具材料對(duì)模具壽命的影響是模具材料性質(zhì)、化學(xué)成分、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、硬度和冶金質(zhì)量等的綜合反映。因此，在選用材料時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)制件的批量大小，合理選用模具材料。有的沖模要求硬度高，壽命長(zhǎng)。有的沖模硬度不宜過(guò)高，如采用 Crl2MoV 制造凹模硬度為 58～ 62HRC 時(shí)，一般壽命為 2— 3 萬(wàn)件，失效形式是崩刃和開(kāi)裂以及如果將硬度降到 54～ 58HRC，壽命提高到 5～ 6萬(wàn)件，但硬度降低到 50～ 53HRC 會(huì)出現(xiàn)凹模刃口易磨鈍現(xiàn)象。實(shí)踐證明，模具工作零件的淬火變形與開(kāi)裂， 使用過(guò)程中早期斷裂，雖然與材料的冶金質(zhì)量、鍛造質(zhì)量、模具結(jié)構(gòu)及加工有關(guān)，但與模具的熱處理關(guān)系更大。模具表面強(qiáng)化處理方法很多，表面處理的新技術(shù)工藝發(fā)展很快。 4．沖模零件的制造精度對(duì)模具壽命的影響 沖模