【正文】 ost famous works. The insurance pany paid $121 ， 700 in damages for the accident. My child enjoys pIaying on the sands. No pains ， no gains. 有些名詞一般只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。t expensive. I think our problem can solved by means of negotiation. 名詞 做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)。如 :looker(s)on ， runner(s)up ， son(s)inlaw ， editor(s)inchief ， passer(s)by ， grandchild(ren) ， armyman(armymen) ， roomnumber(s) ， shoe lace(s) ， dinner plate(s) ， blood type(s) 等。如 :manservantmenservants ， womansoldierwomensoldiers 。 。 houses. Could you tell me the Smith39。s acted in the play. We saw a play of Guo Moro39。例如 : We haven39。名詞性物主代詞作表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，與 of 連用可作定語(yǔ) :yours ， ours ， theirs ， mine ， her ， his ， its 。有 :myself ， yourself ， himself ， herself ， itself ， ourselves ， yourselves ， themselves 。 Such 也是指示代詞，可作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)要與 a 連用。 Who will see to this matter? Whom have you chosen to be responsible for the work? It is hard to decide whose is better. What39。例如 : Our football team was defeated again ， which shows our players need much more effort. The factory now has over l,000 workers ， half of whom are women. He promised to tell us all that he knew . Whose turn to make presentation is beyond me. 8 連接代詞有 :what ， who ， whom ， whose ， which ，用來(lái)連接主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。二者基本分為同級(jí)比較、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種形式。 2) 形容詞中有的詞義相近的，也要注意。例如 : What a lovely girl! Jenny is always ready to help others. China Daily is of course a daily newspaper but not a weekly one. He is a very friendly young man. As he didn39。例如 : There was something nice about my feeling that she knew all. I came across another question hard to answer then . I wondered if there was a room available. 副詞的位置 為 : 修飾哪個(gè)詞就放在哪個(gè)詞前面 。 如末尾僅有一個(gè)輔音字母，須雙寫(xiě)詞尾再加 er 和 est。 有些比較特殊 , 如： wellbetterbest ， badlyworseworst ， muchmoremost ， littlelessleast 。例如 :” Running for fifteen minutes will burn as much calories as walking for thirty minutes. Henan Province is several times as large as shanghai. Jimmy has as nervous a way of speaking as his father. Getting rid of a bad habit isn39。s. 形容詞與副詞的最高級(jí)的形式分別為 :“the+ 形容詞最高級(jí) + 名詞十范圍表達(dá) ” 和 “ 副詞最高級(jí)十名詞 + 范圍表達(dá) ” ，副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)不需要加 the 。只有在 “it is ……since” 的句型中，主句才可用也可不用完成時(shí)。 s offer of a cake. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，分為一般將來(lái)完成時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)。例如： Eventually, I received the letter that I had been expecting for a long time. When she retires, will have been teaching here for over thirty years, but her classes are never dull. 2. 語(yǔ)態(tài) 英語(yǔ)分為主動(dòng)詞態(tài)和被動(dòng)詞態(tài)。另外， “be+get+ 動(dòng)詞 ed 分詞 ” 是特殊形式。定語(yǔ)從句又分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，修飾主句的某個(gè)成分。 that 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略， which 則不能，而且其后的 “ 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 介詞 ” 中的介詞不能省略。d better do something he prefers to do to please him. That is the last time we met each other. I came across the woman you told me about yesterday. who 和 whom 引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)修飾人，分別作從句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如： The delegation we has been waiting for finally arrived I met the woman you told me about. She gave me all she could afford. With TV we can see things happen almost at the exact moment they are happening. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，其作用為：對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，它與主句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。例如： The telephone, as we know, was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell. The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Geia home of President Franklin , who died there on April 12,1945. Living in a damp house for a long time is harmful to one39。s Embassy in Yugoslavia. 狀語(yǔ)從句的中 “ 主語(yǔ) +be” 可以省略，前提是，從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ) “be” 省略后的結(jié)構(gòu)為 “ 連詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞 / 過(guò)去分詞 / 介詞短詞 / 形容詞 / 名詞短語(yǔ) ” 。例如： How to arrange the meeting is not your task. Whose candidate will win the election is the question both political parties are asking. When I leave is my own decision. Whoever will go to the party won39。t know my phone number except that the city code is 021. 一些表語(yǔ)性的形容詞，如： alarmed, amazed, annoyed, astonished, certain, confident, disappointed, glad, pleased, proud, sad, shocked, sure, surprised, worried, ect. 作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面可跟由 that, how 等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如： On thing I admire most about them is that they are hospitable. She works too hard. That is why she is exhausted. I must point out that where you intend to build a supermarket is where the elderly do exercise everyday. 4 ）同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句是由兩個(gè)或兩上以上同一層次語(yǔ)言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中前項(xiàng)與后項(xiàng)所指相同，句法功能相同。動(dòng)詞不定式有進(jìn)行體和完成體（如 to be writing, to have written ）也有被動(dòng)態(tài)（如 to be write ），所有的主動(dòng)詞，不論是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞，也不論是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞還是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，都有不定式形態(tài)。如： It made him extremaly happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago. John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，即不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，通常可以通過(guò) for do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。常用的疑問(wèn)代（副）詞有 what, when, where, which, how, whether 等，但不包括 why 。clock. 3 ）不定式作表語(yǔ) 一般情況為主語(yǔ)是不定式（表示條件），表詞也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）： To see is to believe. To work means to earn a living. 另一種情況為主語(yǔ)是 aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish 等名詞為中心的短語(yǔ)，或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用： His aim is to study abroad in the near future. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the problem. What I want to say is to fet all the unhappy experience. 4 ）不定式作定語(yǔ) 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語(yǔ)主要有三種類型： 第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。這類名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意義的名詞，如 ability, attempt, effort, impulse, inclination, wish 等。 2 ）在表示感覺(jué)意義的動(dòng)詞，如 see, feel, watch, notice, smell, hear, observe 等后，或是表示 “ 致使 ” 意義的動(dòng)詞，如 have, let, make 等后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to 。例如： Unless you feel too ill to go out, I would rather not stay at home tonight. She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour. 5 ）在 make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go off, hear, say, hear tell, leave go of 等固定搭配中，用不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。 Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students. 由于生源不足，一些教職員工被解雇了。例如： I can not but admire his courage. 如果上述句中有 do ， to 省略： I did nothing but watch TV last night. 如果是下面一個(gè)固定搭配，就帶 to ：