【正文】
door was locked. 3)作賓補(bǔ): You must have your hair cut. 4)作狀語(yǔ): Given more time ,we can do the work much better. 6.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu): 當(dāng)分詞有它自己的獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)(不同于句子主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞)時(shí),則是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式,在句中作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。 例如: I heard them singing in the room when I passed it.(singing 不可改為 sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing 不可改為 singing) 3 ? have sb. do sth. 與 have sb. doing sth. 的區(qū)別:前者 have= let, 后者 have 有時(shí)表 “keep”意,有時(shí)表 “employ(雇用) ”意。 3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū) 別: 1)語(yǔ)態(tài)不同:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)概念,及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。 另外, too 后如果是 happy, glad之類形容詞時(shí),不定式也表肯定意,如: She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street. 3. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式( for sb. to do sth.),可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 例如: 1)主語(yǔ): To master a foreign language is very important. 2)表語(yǔ): My job is to drive them to the pany every day. 3)賓語(yǔ): Do you want to visit the Great Wall? Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 4) 賓補(bǔ): The teacher advised us to have a rest first. I didn’t notice them e in. ? 注: see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let 等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng) 詞不定式不帶 to, 但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)以后(即不定式作主補(bǔ)時(shí))要帶 to, 其中 let sb. do sth. 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)式為 sb. is let do sth. help(幫助)后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可帶 to,也可不帶 to. 即 help sb.(to)do sth. 5) 定語(yǔ):不定式位于所修飾的名詞,代詞之后,如: Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in. 2 6)狀語(yǔ): in order to improve her English A.目的狀語(yǔ): She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English. to improve her English 注: in order to 可以位 于句首或句中, so as to 不能位于句首。 不定式( to do) 動(dòng)名詞 (doing) 否定形式: 二 、 分類: 現(xiàn)在分詞 (doing) 直接在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加 not 分詞 過(guò)去分詞 (done) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中所作的成分功能: 1. 不定式相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞或副詞的功能。他們沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ) ,也有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。成 分動(dòng)詞形式主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞√ √ √ √ √ √√ √ √ √√ √ √ √√ √ √ √ ? 不定式 1.常用形式:一般主動(dòng)式 to do, 一般被動(dòng)式 to be done 完成主動(dòng)式 to have done, 完成被動(dòng)式 to have been done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing 2.語(yǔ)法功能:可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)(即除謂語(yǔ)之外的各種成分)。如: They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他們很幸運(yùn)去國(guó)外訪問(wèn)。過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式,現(xiàn)在分詞則有: 一般主動(dòng)式 doing, 一般被動(dòng)式 being done, 完成主動(dòng)式 having done,完成被動(dòng)式 having been done 2.語(yǔ)法功能:在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。 例如: We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom ing out of the house. /Don?t keep the students doing homework all day. ? 注:上述動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作的過(guò)程,而不是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)則表示正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作。 Don’t have the machine working all day .不要讓機(jī)器整天工作。) 2) 作賓語(yǔ): I don’t like his/him staying with us. 3) 作表語(yǔ): My joy is his winning the table- tennis game.( his 不能改為 him) ? 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 時(shí)態(tài)用法 get 4 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較之前之后同時(shí)H a v i n g a l r e a d y r e a d t h e b o o k , I w a n t t o r e a d o t h e r b o o k s .H e w e n t u p t o m e , s a y i n g “ H e l l o ! ”I s a w h e r t a l k i n g w i t h h e r f r i e n d .現(xiàn)在分詞H e a d m i t t e d h a v i n g s t o l e n t h e m o n e y .W e l o o k f o r w a r d t o v i s i t i n g t h e M u s e u m .H e k e p t a s k i n g q u e s t i o n s i n c l a s s .動(dòng)名詞I a m s o r r y t o h a v e b r o k e n y o u r g l a s s .H e a s k e d m e t o c o m e e a r l i e r .I a m g l a d t o m e e t y o u .不定式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作比較舉例 總結(jié): 1. 一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)(幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生,或者在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。eg . I l i k e s i n g i n g , b u t t o d a y I l i k e t o d a n c e .( 2 )在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ):I t i s n o t e a s y t o m a s t e r E n g l i s h . I t i s n o t e a s y m a s t e r i n g E n g l i s h . I t i s + a d j . + f o r / o f sb . t o d o s t h .It is/was 做 … 沒(méi)有好處 / 沒(méi)用eg . It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。 decide /determine, learn, want, expect/ hope wish。 避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練,否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。 deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate。 練習(xí) squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _______________.(catch) 2. I can hardly imagine Peter ___________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 3. I would appreciate your __________(call) back this afternoon. 4. The discovery of the new evidence let to the thief ______________.(catch) 高考鏈接 ( 1)( 2020 江西 32) There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______. A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered ( 2) (2020 上海 35) Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold ( 3) (2020 上海 39) David threatened his neighbors to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported ( 4) (2020 江西 24)I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention when we talked on the phone. A. to promote C. having promoted D. to be promoted 3). 下面動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng) 名詞作賓語(yǔ),也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),但意義有區(qū)別:( 1) fet to do (未做 )。 stop doing ( 5) try to do sth 努力去做某事 。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句。 即 “吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué) ”—5 看( see, watch, observe, look at, notice ); 3 使( make, let, have) 。即以上動(dòng)詞除 let, make( 2)外都可加現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),此外 find, catch, keep, leave 也可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 (2)作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞且與所修飾的名詞存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,不定式后須有相應(yīng)的介詞。 eg. I have no chance to go sightseeing 分詞作定語(yǔ) ( 1)單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾詞之前,分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾詞之后,位置與定語(yǔ)從句一致。 eg. moving film。 五作狀語(yǔ)用法 1 不定式做狀語(yǔ) ( 1)不定式做狀語(yǔ)表目的( =in order to/so as to) eg. (2020 上海 35) It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars. ( 2)某些形容詞作表語(yǔ),表示喜怒哀樂(lè),后跟不定式表示原因。to find to。finding。finding。seen 。advancing 。permitted 。being held 。singing 。discussed 。to do done。to leave 。tired 。stolen 。help you out 。ride