【正文】 isting Frames Perhaps the most monly used system in lowto mediumrise buildings, the momentresisting frame, is characterized by linear horizontal and vertical members connected essentially rigidly at their joints. Such frames are used as a standalone system or in bination with other systems so as to provide the needed resistance to horizontal loads. In the taller of highrise buildings, the system is likely to be found inappropriate for a standalone system, this because of the difficulty in mobilizing sufficient stiffness under lateral forces. Analysis can be acplished by STRESS, STRUDL, or a host of other appropriate puter programs。 that is, one tube could be framed, while the other could be braced. In considering this system, is important to understand clearly the difference between the shear and the flexural ponents of deflection, the terms being taken from beam analogy. In a framed tube, the shear ponent of deflection is associated with the bending deformation of columns and girders (, the webs of the framed tube) while the flexural ponent is associated with the axial shortening and lengthening of columns (, the flanges of the framed tube). In a braced tube, the shear ponent of deflection is associated with the axial deformation of diagonals while the flexural ponent of deflection is associated with the axial shortening and lengthening of columns. Following beam analogy, if plane surfaces remain plane (, the floor slabs),then axial stresses in the columns of the outer tube, being farther form the neutral axis, will be substantially larger than the axial stresses in the inner tube. However, in the tubeintube design, when optimized, the axial stresses in the inner ring of columns may be as high, or even higher, than the axial stresses in the outer ring. This seeming anomaly is associated with differences in the shearing ponent of stiffness between the two systems. This is easiest to understand where the inner tube is conceived as a braced (, shearstiff) tube while the outer tube is conceived as a framed (, shearflexible) tube. Core Interactive Structures Core interactive structures are a special case of a tubeintube wherein the two tubes are coupled together with some form of threedimensional space frame. Indeed, the system is used often wherein the shear stiffness of the outer tube is zero. The United States Steel Building, Pittsburgh, illustrates the system very well. Here, the inner tube is a braced frame, the outer tube has no shear stiffness, and the two systems are coupled if they were considered as systems passing in a straight line from the “hat” structure. Note that the exterior columns would be improperly modeled if they were considered as systems passing in a straight line from the “hat” to the foundations。 但這并不意味著沒有余地大的想法。 2 .支撐框架，包括偏心支撐框架。 6 .核心的互動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 結(jié)合的方法，這些要素是非常重要，設(shè)計(jì)過程中的高層建筑。在任何情況下，最好都需要制定一個(gè)真正特殊的設(shè)計(jì)高層建筑。這種幀被用作一個(gè)獨(dú)立的系統(tǒng)或與其他系統(tǒng)，以便提供必要的抵抗水平荷載。本質(zhì)的設(shè)計(jì)過程是 分布在整個(gè)討論。 分析可以通過壓力， STRUDL ，或主機(jī)的其他適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)算機(jī)程序 。 支撐框架 的支撐框架，內(nèi)在比目前更嚴(yán)厲的抗內(nèi)，發(fā)現(xiàn)也更廣泛地應(yīng)用到更高的高樓大廈。 特別感興趣的領(lǐng)域的高地震活動(dòng)是利用偏心支撐框架。該系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)是比較薄，通常（但并不總是）具體內(nèi)容，提供了結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度和建設(shè)職能分開。 剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)鋼，一般加筋對(duì)屈曲的一個(gè)具體的覆蓋，已發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用在剪切載荷是很高的。初步分析可能的桁架類推，有限元法，或利用專有的計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)考慮的互動(dòng)，或耦合的剪力墻。 分析管狀結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行三維概念，或二維類推，在可能的情況下，兩者方法，它必須能夠核算的影響剪力滯后。該系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用在建筑物發(fā)現(xiàn)也許40stories 及以上。無數(shù)的研究已經(jīng)設(shè)法優(yōu)化所在地的這些桁架，與最佳位置非常依賴數(shù)量的桁架提供。tube 在 tube39。 在審議這一系統(tǒng)，重要的是要清楚了解之間的差異剪切和彎曲部分的撓度，正在采取的條款從梁類推。然而，在筒中筒的設(shè)計(jì)，在優(yōu)化，軸向應(yīng)力內(nèi)圈欄可作為高，甚至更高，比軸向應(yīng)力外環(huán)。事實(shí)上，該系統(tǒng)是經(jīng)常使用，其中剪切剛度的外管是零。這些列，也許是 15 ％，更嚴(yán)厲的，因?yàn)樗鼈冏裱瓘椥郧€的支撐核心。 AT ＆ T的總部是一個(gè)例子，一個(gè)驚人的一系列互動(dòng)內(nèi)容： 1 .結(jié)構(gòu) 體系是 94 英尺（二十八點(diǎn)六米）寬， 196 英尺（五十九點(diǎn)七米）長(zhǎng)，六零一英尺（一百八十三點(diǎn)三米）高。 5 .外管是目前抗框架，但與零剪切剛度的 center50ft （十五點(diǎn)二米）每個(gè)只要雙方。雖然西爾斯大廈包含九個(gè)幾乎完全相同管的基本結(jié)構(gòu)體系具有特殊的申請(qǐng)建筑形狀不規(guī)則，如幾個(gè)管不必形狀類似的計(jì)劃，這并不少見，一些個(gè)人管的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一，并一個(gè)弱點(diǎn)的系統(tǒng)。如果一個(gè)細(xì)胞的捆綁管系統(tǒng)，也就是說， 50stories 高，相鄰的細(xì)胞，也就是說， 100stories 高，這些柱子之間的邊界附近。