【正文】 sumers favored extending the current limitation on the sale of milk to 8 days. (C) Metropolis’ grocerystore owners would prefer small, frequent deliveries of milk to larger, infrequent deliveries. (D) Milk kept longer than 14 days after pasteurization generally presents no medical dangers if consumed. (E) In Metropolis, conditions for handling and storing milk after pasteurization are seldom close to optimum. 例 3. The country of Maravia has severe air pollution, 80 percent of which is caused by the exhaust fumes of cars. In order to reduce the number of cars on the road, the government is raising taxes on the cost of buying and running a car by 20 percent. This tax increase, therefore will significantly reduce air pollution in Maravia. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above? (A) The government of Maravia is in the process of building a significant number of roadways. (B) Maravia is an oilproducing country and is able to refine an amount of gasoline sufficient for the needs of its pollution. (C) Maravia has had an excellent public transportation system for many years. (D) Niy percent of the population of Maravia is very prosperous and has a substantial amount of disposable ine. (E) In Maravia, cars that emit relatively low levels of pollutions cost 10 percent less to operate, on average, than do cars that emit high levels of pollutions. （ 2） 他因。 A is attribute to B。 credit A to B. 問題中： explanation, interpretation, hypothesis. 第三種文章的標志詞： 與第一種文章相同，表面上是前提結(jié)論結(jié)構(gòu)，實質(zhì)為因果結(jié)構(gòu)， 即結(jié)論是前提的解釋。 AC? 例 . The price of maple syrup has jumped from 22 dollars a gallon three years ago to 40 dollars a gallon today. It can be concluded that maplesyrup harvesters have been artificially inflating prices and that governmental price regulations are necessary to control rising prices. Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above? (A) The government already requires maplesyrup harvesters to submit their facilities to licensing by the health department. (B) Insect infestation and drought have stunted the growth of syrupproducing maple trees and caused lessabundant syrup harvests. (C) Maple syrup is produced in rural areas that suffer from high unemployment. (D) Technological improvements in maplesyrup harvesting have reduced production costs. (E) Maplesyrup prices have risen many times in the past, though never before at the rate recently observed. 2. 加強。 三 . 假設(shè)題補充。 (B) 并不理解什么導(dǎo)致 t。 例 5. Statistics over four consecutive years showed that four percent more automobile accidents happened in California during the week following the switch to daylight saving time and during the week following the switch back to standard time than occurred the week before each event. These statistics show that these time changes adversely affect the alertness of California drivers. The conclusion in the argument above is based on which of the following assumptions? (A) Drivers in California as well as those in the rest of the United States have similar driving patterns. (B) The observed increases in accident rates are due almost entirely to an increase in the number of minor accidents. (C) Four years is not a sufficiently long period of time over which to judge the phenomenon described. (D) There are no other factors such as school vacations or holiday celebrations that cause accident rates to rise during these weeks. (E) A time change at any other time of year would not produce a similar increase in accident 例 6． Although the ratio of physicians to total population is about the same in the United State and Canada, the United States has 33 percent more surgeons per capita. Clearly, this is the reason people in the United States undergo 40 percent more operations per capita than do Canadians. The explanation given above rests on an assumption that (A)patients in the United States do not have a greater need for surgery than do patients in Canada. (B)the population of the United States is not larger than that of Canada. (C)United States patients sometimes travel to Canada for certain kinds of surgery. (D)general practitioners in the United States do not as a rule examine a patient who is a candidate for surgery before sending the patient to a surgeon. (E)there are no unnecessary surgical operations performed in Canada. 第三節(jié)：解釋。（注意側(cè)重點） 例 2. During the day in Lake Constance, the zooplankton D. hyalina departs for the depths where food is scare and the water cold. D. galeata remains near the warm surface where food is abundant. Even though D. galeata grows and reprocess much faster, its population is often outnumbered by D. hyaline. Which of the following, if true, would help resolve the apparent paradox presented above? (A) The number of species of zooplankton living at the lakes is twice that of species living at the surface. (B) Predators of zooplankton, such as whitefish and perch, live and feed near the surface of the lake during the day. (C) In order to make the most of scare food resources, D. hyaline matures more slowly than D. galeata. (D) D. galeata clusters under vegetation during the hottest part of the day to avoid the sun’s rays. (E) D. galeata produces twice as many offspring per individual in any period of time does D. hyalina. 例 3. For the United Stats meat industry, there is good news and bad news. The bad news in that over the last three years people in the United States have been eating less meat. The good news is that during this same time period meat producer’s profits have risen steadily. Which of the following, if true during the last three years, contributes most to a resolution of the apparent discrepancy above? (A) People have been eating less meat because they are more health conscious than in the past.