【正文】 e, the floor space is small, the price is low, after allocating various kinds of enclosures , can carry on the processing of most work pieces . Largescale gantry machining center, the main shafts are mostly set up vertically, is especially used in the largescale or with plicated form work piece , is it spend the many coordinate gantry machining center to need like aviation , aerospace industry , some processing of part of largescale steam turbine. Five machining centers, this kind of machining center has function of the vertical and horizontal machining center, one is it after inserting , can finish all five Taxi processing besides installing the surface to install in work piece, the processing way can make form of work piece error lowest , save 2 times install and insert working, thus improve production efficiency , reduce the process cost. (2)Classify by craft use Is it mill machining center to bore, is it mill for vertical door frame machining center , horizontal door frame mill the machining center and Longmen door frame mill the machining center to divide into. Processing technology its rely mainly on the fact that the door frame is milled, used in case body, shell and various kinds of plicated part special curve and large processes , curved surface of outline process, suitable for many varieties to produce in batches small. Complex machining center, point five times and pound and process mainly, the main shaft head can be turned round automatically, stand, lie and process, after the main shaft is turned round automatically, realize knowing that varies in the horizontal and vertical direction. (3)Classify by special function Single workingbench , a pair of workingbench machining center。 One hundred sheets of storehouses connects and writes hands to add the main shaft and change one hundred sheets of machining centers。 Utilize various kinds of test , control technology , exceed Cheng , one one hundred sheets of damages , interfering , cutting out ,etc. at the time of various kinds of accidents as production, carry on corresponding protection automatically. （ 6） . Control system miniaturization systematic miniaturization of numerical control benefit and bine the machine , electric device for an organic whole. Adopt the super largescale integrated ponent , multilayer printed circuit board mainly at present, adopt the threedimensional installation method , make the electronic devices and ponents must use the high density to install, narrow systematic occupying the space on a larger scale. And utilize the newtype slim display of colored liquid crystal to substitute the traditional cathode ray tube, will make the operating system of numerical control miniaturize further. So can install it on the machine tool conveniently, benefit the operation of the numerical control lathe correctly even more. 本文出自： Shigley J E. Mechanical Engineering Design. New York: McGrawHill, 1998 數(shù)控技術(shù) 當(dāng)前世界 NC 機床的研究現(xiàn)狀 世界各國對數(shù)控機床、加工中心以至 FMS、 CIMS 等各種新技術(shù)的研究與發(fā)展進(jìn)程，是與世界經(jīng)濟形勢緊密相連的。 （ 2）、提高機床加工的精度和研究 為了提高加工中心的加工精度，不斷提高機床的剛度、減少振動，消除熱變形，降低噪聲，提高 NC 機床的定位精度、重復(fù)精度、工作可靠性、穩(wěn)定性、精度保持性，世界很多國家都在進(jìn)行機床熱誤差、機床運動及負(fù)載變形誤差的軟件補償技術(shù)研究，并采取精度補償、軟件補償?shù)却胧┘右愿纳疲械囊呀?jīng)可以使此類誤差消除 60%。 B、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開放化研究 主要表現(xiàn)在：數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)在統(tǒng)一的運行平臺上，面向機床廠家和最終擁護，通過改變、增加或剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對象（數(shù)控對象），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集成到控制系統(tǒng)中，快速實現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，形成具有鮮明個性的名牌產(chǎn)品。 臥式加工中心，是指主軸軸線水平設(shè)置的加工中心。立式加工中心結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，占地面積小，價格低，配備各種附件后，可進(jìn)行大部分工件的加工。其加工工藝以樘銑為主，用于箱體，殼體以及各種復(fù)雜零件特殊曲線和曲面輪廓的多工序加工，適合多品種小批量生產(chǎn)。當(dāng)今數(shù)控機床正在朝著以下幾個方向發(fā)展。并采用直線電動機直接驅(qū)動機床工作臺的直線伺服進(jìn)給方式，其高速度和動態(tài)響應(yīng)特性相當(dāng)優(yōu)越。 （ 2） .多功能化配有自動換刀機構(gòu) (刀庫容量可達(dá) 100 把以上 )的各類加工中心，能在同一臺機床上同時實現(xiàn)銑削、鏜削、鉆削、車削、鉸孔、擴孔、攻螺紋等多種工序加工，現(xiàn)代數(shù)控機床還采用了多主軸、多面體切削，即同時對一個零件的不同部位進(jìn)行不同方式的切削加工。具有自診斷、自修復(fù)功能，在整個工作狀態(tài)中，系統(tǒng)隨時對 CNC 系統(tǒng)本身以及與其相連的各種設(shè)備進(jìn)行自診斷、檢查。 （ 4） .數(shù)控編程自動化隨著計算機應(yīng)用技術(shù)的發(fā)展，目前 CAD／ CAM 圖形交互式自動編程已得到較多的應(yīng)用，是數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展的新趨勢。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)將采用更高集成度的電路芯片，利用大規(guī)?；虺笠?guī)模的專用及混合式集成電路，以減少元器件的數(shù)量，來提高可靠性。 （ 6） .控制系統(tǒng)小型化數(shù)控系統(tǒng)小型化便于將機、電裝置結(jié)合為一體。