【正文】 ck therefore they are also called truck are powered by internal bustion engines or electric motors with storage batteries. Engine powered truck are used for large warehouse and stockhanding application, for general yard work and fpr loading and unloading of vehicles. Torque converter transmission provides smooth operation。 根據(jù)所裝載材料的種類(lèi)，裝載機(jī)可以 分為叉式裝載機(jī)，用于裝在整塊物料；鏟斗式裝載機(jī)，用于裝載松散物料。 按照行走裝置的類(lèi)型，可以分為履帶行走裝載機(jī)和輪胎式裝載機(jī)。 裝載機(jī)用來(lái)卸掉火車(chē)車(chē)廂里的砂子、礫石、碎石和水泥。這些裝載機(jī)有不同的換裝部件。 以發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力的卡車(chē)用于大型倉(cāng)庫(kù)和材料搬運(yùn)工作，用于一般的堆放場(chǎng)和車(chē)輛裝卸。該裝載機(jī)可使裝載作業(yè)、建筑施工、安裝工程實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化。 目前，具有變量液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的工作裝置的前卸式裝載機(jī)使用得最為廣泛。 用多斗裝載機(jī)為側(cè)邊卸料的平板車(chē)卸料，其效率很高。當(dāng)給料器旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，物料被送入各個(gè)鏟斗內(nèi)，使得裝料比較容易。 Pneumatic Motors and Tools Compressde air can be used for a wide variety of operations,such as:to drive air motors and air hammers,to operate air cylinders,to atomize liquids,to convery materials,to displace and agitate liquids,to serve as a cushion,to create a vacuum,to accelerate bustion,and to serve as a coolant and lubricant. An electric motor is a device in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical fluid motor is a device for converting fulid energy into mechanical this chapter,the main features of pneumatic motors and pneumatic tools are discussed. GENERAL TYPES OF AIR MOTORS Air motors may be divided into tow general type: (1) the rotary type and (2) the reciprocating type. The bination of a piston and cylinder is an example of the reciprocating type of example of the rotary motor are the vanetype and geartype motors. A rotary vanetype motor is rotating member,with its sliding vanes,it is trapped between the vane(which ride on the inside of the housing)and pushes to the the pressed air drives a rotating member. A geartype motor is pair of meshed gears rotate inside 6 a housing,As the gears rotate,the air is trapped between the gear teeth and housing,and pushes from the inlet to the the pressed air drives the gears. CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR MOTORS An air motor operates safely in an explosive atmosphere,and has a low installation cost,a rapid acceleration,and a high starting is pact,and its cariable speed can be changed. A typical curve for torque versus speed(rpm)for a rotarytype air motor is speed can be caried,in small steps,from zero a maximum by varying the air flow to the air flow rate to the motor can be varied by means of a valve in the inlet pressedair pressure at the air motor inlet can be contolled with an adjustable pressure regulator in the air inlet line。the piston is air operated. The two type of percussion tool are the valve type and the vaveless type. In the valve type,a avlve arrangement is used to contral the flow of air both to and from the two ends of the hammering piston. In the valveless type, the valve action is performed by the piston . sand rammers are actually pneumatic hammers。液壓馬達(dá)是一種把流壓能轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械能的裝置。而旋轉(zhuǎn)式馬達(dá)有兩個(gè)種類(lèi)：葉片型和齒輪型馬達(dá)。隨著齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，空氣在齒輪與殼體間被擠壓，有進(jìn)氣口進(jìn)入，出氣口排出。 研究旋轉(zhuǎn)式氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)矩 速度曲線；氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)的速度是可變的，通過(guò)改11 變流入馬達(dá)的空氣量，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)從零到最大值 無(wú)（?。┘?jí)調(diào)速。隨著負(fù)荷的增加，速度逐漸減小。根據(jù)工作的需要可以調(diào)節(jié)與控制氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)的速度、轉(zhuǎn)矩和旋轉(zhuǎn)的方向。當(dāng)過(guò)載時(shí)，氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)不易發(fā)熱；氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)能耐得住反復(fù)停止及反轉(zhuǎn)而不受損害或過(guò)熱。在許多例子中，這些工具完全是手持的，或者手動(dòng)控制。空壓機(jī)中的空氣是由分配管通過(guò)過(guò)濾器、壓力調(diào)節(jié)器和潤(rùn)滑器來(lái)供給的。 在典型的旋轉(zhuǎn)式氣動(dòng)工具中，空氣進(jìn)入手柄，經(jīng)過(guò)手動(dòng)操作法，通過(guò)后擋板，進(jìn)入到葉片式氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)的腔體內(nèi)。輸出軸可以配備卡盤(pán)，與鉆機(jī)、研磨機(jī)或其它機(jī)械相連接。活塞前后往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)過(guò)熱工作時(shí)， 氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)不易發(fā)熱。 氣動(dòng)工具 從應(yīng)用方面來(lái)看氣動(dòng)工 具，有兩種主要的類(lèi)型：（ 1）壓縮空氣驅(qū)動(dòng)的便攜工具；（ 2）壓縮空氣驅(qū)動(dòng)的巖石鉆。 鉆具：旋轉(zhuǎn)式葉片氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)適應(yīng)于鉆具、鉸刀、敲打和螺絲安裝。便攜式鉆具由葉片式旋轉(zhuǎn) 氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)提供動(dòng)力，它的螺紋鉆頭可以用于穿透任何材料，例如，碳化鎢釬頭用于煤炭、白堊、頁(yè)巖和硬質(zhì)地層。 氣錘：在氣動(dòng)錘中，活塞把連續(xù)的錘擊力傳遞到前端的工具或錘端的鑿子上；活塞式空氣操縱的。 升降機(jī)：由壓縮空氣操縱的升降機(jī)有很多應(yīng)用，特別式在機(jī)械廠和鑄造車(chē)間。在開(kāi)采和挖掘工作中，常用的氣動(dòng)工具是沖擊鉆。 風(fēng)鎬是人工操縱的氣 動(dòng)工具，在工廠和工地有多種廣泛的應(yīng)用。