中國cdm能力建設項目培訓講義(ppt26)-管理培訓-預覽頁
【正文】 onal to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity. Kyoto Protocol, Article 12/ 5(c) ? 清潔發(fā)展機制項目活動應具有額外性，即溫室氣體人為源排放量減少到低于不開展清潔發(fā)展機制項目活動情況下會出現(xiàn)的水平 A CDM project activity is additional if anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity. CDM modalities amp。 d) (An indication that the project type is not mon practice (. occurs in less than x % of all cases) 額外性評估 是說明以所使用的方法學如何展示該項目具有額外性，并非 基準線情景 Additionality assessment is an explanation of how, through the use of the methodology, it can be demonstrated that a project activity is additional and therefore not the baseline scenario. 2020/9/17 Slide 9 額外性：引用新法規(guī) Additionality: Introduction of new legislation E+類：現(xiàn)行國家及（或）產(chǎn)亞政策或法規(guī)會造成法規(guī)主導市場衰退， 而使排放較大的技術比排放較少的技術 /能源的能耗更有竟爭性 Type E+: Existing national and/or sectoral policies or regulations that create policy driven market distortions which give parative advantages to more emissionsintensive technologies or fuels over less emissionsintensive technologies or fuels. 只有在 ” E+類 ”的國家及（或）產(chǎn)亞政策或法規(guī)在 COP締結京都議定書（ decision 1/)前已實行者，在建立基準線清景可被納入考慮。 ? Other hurdle rates that can be applied for the country or sector. 2020/9/17 Slide 14 壁壘與 經(jīng)濟決策原理 （ 1） ： Barriers and Economic Theory (1) 2020/9/17 Slide 15 壁壘與 經(jīng)濟決策原理 （ 2） ： Barriers and Economic Theory (2) 2020/9/17 Slide 16 投資項目經(jīng)濟分析： Project financial analysis ?凈現(xiàn)值（ NPV）： ?內(nèi)部報酬率（ IRR） : B =（收入） Benefits C = （成本） Costs 2020/9/17 Slide 17 時間價值： Time Value ?你現(xiàn)在可以選擇： ? 現(xiàn)在獲得 1000美元： A. Receive $10,000 now OR ? 3年后獲得 1000美元： B. Receive $10,000 in three years 現(xiàn)在的 1萬元比今后的 1萬元價值高 10 000 now are worth more than 10 000 in the future 2020/9/17 Slide 18 未來價值： Future Value 2020/9/17 Slide 19 現(xiàn)值： Present Value 2020/9/17 Slide 20 凈現(xiàn)值： Net Present Value 凈現(xiàn)值是指在項目計算期內(nèi)，按行業(yè)基準折現(xiàn)率或其他設定折現(xiàn)率計算的各年凈現(xiàn)金流量現(xiàn)值的代數(shù)和。 if NPV/IRR is too high, the project will have difficulties in explaining the investment barrier, as it may be argued that it would be implemented anyway, regardless of the CERs revenue. ? 項目投資分析中涉及許多假設情況， DOE在審定 此 一問題時非常困難 it is very difficult for the DOE to check the IRR as we don39。 ? 出售 CERs的收入： The financial benefit of the revenue obtained by selling CERs, ? 吸引其他的新的項目： Attracting new players who are not exposed to the same barriers, or can accept a lower IRR (for instance because they have access to cheaper capital), ? 吸引其他的投資方： Attracting new players who bring the capacity to implement a new technology, and ? 減少風險： Reducing inflation /exchange rate risk affecting expected revenues and attractiveness for investors.
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