【正文】 .............................................. 16 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 17 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Introduction Wine, just as its name implies, is brewed by grape juice. But the meaning it has is not only a simple drink with alcohol, but also a deeper and wider culture. In the other words, wine is an invisible and intangible connotation of culture more than an objective material flowing in the glass. Wine culture is a series of phenomenon bination which contains material, spirit, technique, custom, psychology, behavior that emerge around the center of wine. No matter the origin, production, circulation and consumption of wine, or it’s social and cultural functions especially the social problems it brings, all belong to the wine culture and the related areas. It is a unique cultural form that takes the idiosyncrasy of wine as carrier and takes the behavior of wine as center. Wine culture has the vivid character of nationality and time, simultaneously, it influences every aspect of social life and has an inseparable relationship with other cultural phenomenon. In essence, wine has both the natural attribute and social attributes. The object of wine culture study for involves not only the natural attribute like raw materials, tools, brewing techniques, but also emphasis on its social attribute, which means the specific influence on different fields such as politic, economy, culture, military, religion, art, science, technology, social psychology and folk customs caused by wine in social activity. The Origin of Wine When did wine appear? There is variety of views. Some people think that the origin of wine is ancient Egypt, some people think it is ancient Greece. However, no matter how many sayings there are, it is a doubtless fact that our ancestor had already found the wild grape in nature in daily life and brews the oldest drink which they name it wine. Based on the existing record of wine, we can confirm that at least 10， 000 years ago, our ancestor had already started drinking it. According to some archaeological data, the earliest viticulture area is in the Asia, the Caspian Sea and the Black sea region of south. “In these areas, viticulture has experienced three stages, that is the collection of wild grape fruit, the domestication of wild grape, and viticulture introduced to other regions by travelers and immigrants.”[1] Greek is the earliest country which began wine brewing in Europe, later on, the Romans learned the grape cultivation and wine brewing Chapter 1 Introduction 2 technology. With the aggression of Roma Empire, such technology spread rapidly through France, Spain, North Africa and Germany, then formation large scale. Until today, these areas are still important wine production region. Throughout the history, it is not difficult to find that the history of wine and the history of human culture are almost developing together. These ancient civilizations all have a lot of myths and legends about wine. It is not only a magic and romantic drink, but also provides the existence and development of human society with a health fountainhead. The Important Role of Wine in Western Countries As an objective substance in the world, it appears in the shape of water but has the character of fire. “Both emperors and civilians ardently love this wonderful liquid, and drink a lot in every meal, just as Er guo tou in China.” [2] They regard wine as a sort of mon drink, and would like to enjoy it in anytime and anywhere. The most fantastic thing of their drinking habit is like that: some appetizer wine before having meal, then some digesthelpful wine after meal。s tipsy state. Wine changes the Adventure of Humanity. There are three kinds of people since human learned how to brew wine. The first one is unable to drink, the second one is able to drink, and the third one is alcohol addicts. At all times the poet, musician and artist are always the third kind of people who loves the wine. Their spirit and thought will have sublimation once they are squiffy, and then there will be the naissance of masterpiece. Germany’s famous poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe has his life attached to wine until death. When Goethe was born, he was dying and someone put him into the warm wine for a baptism, nobody knew such action would offer him a chance to live. Therefore, the wine that brings Goethe back to life plays an important role in his lifetime. A lot of his poems have the trail of wine, and also the other great poets all over the world use to brew position from wine. The most famous saying is like this, “I taste it, and love it, wine let us be the master of ourselves, and free the slavery tongue.” As well as poet, musician and artist also release their spirit and grip inspirations in the aroma of this splendid liquid, and create a large number of wellknown tunes and tremendous art treasures. Such as Mozart, Bruckner, Haydn, Schubert and Schumann, these great posers always work in a squiffy condition. In French, they even have special collages and majors to learn wine art. In their opinion, it is giving up the basic enjoyment of drinking if drain the wine with no appreciation of the color and aroma. In addition, drinking has its special procedures: stop talking while picking up glass, raise your glass before taste and enjoy its bright beautiful color and luster with eyes。) is essential, but the poultry kind of entree has to be collocated with strong dry red wine(12176。s home, even in a bar where wine is used to shake cocktail. Thus wine plays an important role in the formation of western peop