【正文】 g alternative solutions and implementing the decision。本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯 外文題目： A Reference Model for Personal Financial Planning 出 處： International Handbooks Information System 作 者： Oliver Braun, G252。 ISO/TC 222 2020) The personal financial planning process shall include, but is not limited to, six steps that can be repeated throughout the client and financial planner client can decide to end the process before having passed all the steps. The process involves gathering relevant financial information, setting life goals, examining your current financial status and ing up with a strategy or plan for how you can meet your goals given your current situation and future plans. The financial planning process consists of the following six steps: 1. Establishing and defining the clientplanner relationship. The financial planner should clearly explain or document the services to be provided to the client and define both his and his client’s responsibilities. The planner should explain fully how he will be paid and by whom. The client and the planner should agree on how long the professional relationship should last and on how decisions will be made. 2. Gathering client data and determining goals and expectations. The financial planner should ask for information about the client’s financial situation. The client and the planner should mutually define the client’s personal and financial goals, understand the client’s time frame for results and discuss, if relevant, how the client feel about risk. The financial planner should gather all the necessary documents before giving advice the client needs. 3. Analyzing and evaluating the client’s financial status. The financial planner should analyze the client’s information to assess the client’s current situation and determine what the client must do to meet his goals. Depending on what services the client has asked for, this could include analyzing the client’s assets, liabilities and cash flow, current insurance coverage, investments or tax strategies. 4. Developing and presenting financial planning remendations and/or alternatives. The financial planner should offer financial planning remendations that address the client’s goals, based on the information the client provides. The planner should go over the remendations with the client to help the client understand them so that the client can make informed decisions. The planner should also listen to the client’s concerns and revise the remendations as appropriate。 ? ensure objectiveness and pleteness of the results by paring expert estimations and results from mathematical models。 Sch252。 Hay 1996。 有很多的教科書可以提供關(guān)于個人財務(wù)規(guī)劃的知識，大多數(shù)圖書可以作為指南，以處理個人財務(wù)問題，例如財富的最大化，實現(xiàn)各項經(jīng)濟目標，確定應(yīng)急儲蓄，最大限度地提高退休計劃供款等。財 務(wù)決策可以提供財務(wù)策劃方向和意義，可以讓你了解每個財務(wù)決策對你的財務(wù)狀況和其他領(lǐng)域的影響。在同一草案中，個人財務(wù)策劃人員，消費者，客戶和財務(wù)目標的定義如下： 個人財務(wù)策劃人員是向客戶提供服務(wù)和財政規(guī)劃，并滿足能力，職業(yè)道德和經(jīng)驗等 所有要求的標準個體從業(yè)者。 定義（ CFP 資格標準委員會 2020 年國際標準組織）：個人理財規(guī)劃過程應(yīng)包括在整個客戶關(guān)系和金融策劃師重復(fù)的六個步驟但不限于此。財務(wù)規(guī)劃師應(yīng)明確解釋文件的服務(wù)內(nèi)容，讓客戶了解自己的責任?？蛻艉鸵?guī)劃者應(yīng)該各自定義客戶的個人財務(wù)目標，了解客戶對時間框架和風(fēng)險的認知度。根據(jù)所服務(wù)的客戶要求，這可能包括分析客戶的資 產(chǎn)，負債和現(xiàn)金流量，及保險，投資或稅務(wù)策略。規(guī)劃師還應(yīng)該聽取客戶的意見，做出適當?shù)男抻喗ㄗh。 6．監(jiān)測理財規(guī)劃建議。從不同的觀點來看一個系統(tǒng)可以描述為一個或多個模型，完整的模型描述了整個系統(tǒng)。這些系統(tǒng)提供以下功能： 1．支持決策過程的所有階段即結(jié)構(gòu)問題，選擇替代解決方案和實施的決定； 2．反映不同決策者需求和認知風(fēng)格； 3．集合知識基礎(chǔ)，幫助決策者了解模型； 4．客觀、完整性的比較專家估計和數(shù)學(xué)模型； 5．時間和決策過程的成本大大降低，使決策的質(zhì)量得到提高。據(jù)我們所知，沒有任何個人理財規(guī)劃的參考模型。輸入數(shù)據(jù)必須從客戶端和/或在這個過程中涉及的機構(gòu)收集。個人規(guī)劃意味著其所有方面的具體情況都必須在規(guī)劃中心，并且輸 出要連貫和清晰。資金管理不當也會導(dǎo)致消費者受到嚴重的“財政危機”。系統(tǒng)的活動圖和時間圖，兩種觀點的行為相結(jié)合。 2．數(shù)據(jù)的評估。例如，調(diào)查國家規(guī)定和養(yǎng)老金計劃，風(fēng)險管理，稅務(wù)收費，投資及其他財務(wù)比率。第三類資產(chǎn)是股權(quán)資產(chǎn)。這一類包括資產(chǎn)收購，主要投資于家庭，汽車，家具，服裝，珠寶首飾，以及任何有轉(zhuǎn)售價值的其他個人物品。使用財務(wù)比率可以衡量一段時間內(nèi)的財務(wù)狀況質(zhì)量的變化；衡量目前財務(wù)狀況的絕對質(zhì)量；指導(dǎo)如何改善財政狀況。第二，在系統(tǒng)開發(fā)設(shè)計階段，系統(tǒng)開發(fā)人員可以利用分析模型，并應(yīng)用到他們的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)。