社會保險外文翻譯--重新引入代際均衡：波蘭養(yǎng)老保險制度（節(jié)選）-其他專業(yè)-預覽頁
【正文】 the system as a “basic state pension”. Social redistribution exists but it has been moved out from the pension system. The sole role of the pension system is providing working generation with an efficient method of ine allocation over their life cycle. The contribution rate for the entire social security system has not changed. However workers’ salaries were “grossed up” in order to introduce to them the idea that they pay part of the contribution and to build their awareness of the overall cost of the pension system. As such, since 1 January 1999 both workers and employers share the cost of contributions without any real change in the size of the total contributions. The whole operation affected percentages but not real flows of money. Thus the new system is based on the same contribution inflow as the previous system. Final remarks Providing people with social security – including financing consumption of the retired generation out of the product of the working generation is very high on the list of social priorities in most countries. It is especially important in European societies. However, the inefficiency of traditional pension systems put achieving this goal at risk. Social and populist rhetoric suggests to the public that changes within the pension system are dangerous for social goals. In reality, for most countries in the world, it is just the opposite. The longer the traditional pension systems are held up, the more socially damaging effects will be created. Poland belongs to a nonnumerous group of countries that are prepared for one of the most difficult challenges of our time, namely the ageing of the population. The new pension system will not only stop the increase of costs of the pension system but will also allow for their reduction. This will leave more resources available for development, which, in turn, will contribute to stronger growth and the increase of living standards of both the working and the retired generation. The example of the new Polish pension system, as well as the 6 Swedish one, is interesting for yet another reason. This type of system contributes to labour mobility, which is particularly needed in Europe. Free movement of labour cannot be achieved if moving from one country to another affects expected retirement ine. As such, aiming at pension system neutrality will be more and more important for European integration. 7 附錄二 譯文 重新引入代際均衡：波蘭 養(yǎng)老保險制度 摘要 波蘭于 1999年通過了新的養(yǎng)老金制度。這需要穩(wěn)定的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的份額分配給整個退休一代。雖然波蘭改革采用了其他地方應用技術(shù)，它的設(shè)計不同于典型的做法和教訓，結(jié)果是有希望的所有經(jīng)合組織國家。這些因素列入養(yǎng)老保險制度導致爆炸的 設(shè)計成本，造成了負增長的外部因素和導致失業(yè)率持續(xù)高企。對于本文的目的，“改革”是指改變系統(tǒng)，以消除而不是僅僅在邊緣玩的貢獻率 結(jié)構(gòu)性效率低下和退休年齡調(diào)整為短期財政和系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)政治傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金制度已被證明是低效率的提供與社會保障。設(shè)計和運行養(yǎng)老金制度是留給非經(jīng)濟學家，誰沒有廣泛關(guān)注與如何資助長期或如何彌補這些養(yǎng)老金養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)的負外部性。 本文由兩部分組成。因此，解決方案在一個會員國或候選國可以預期是相同的。它們的充分介紹和討論超出了這個范圍，本文提出僅列出審議的問題和最重要的意見。不論持有上述方法應用的技術(shù)或思想觀點。如果養(yǎng)老保險制度設(shè)計采用財務市場，那么我們通常稱之為資助。添加再分配或 金融市場產(chǎn)生的養(yǎng)老保險制度外部性。利用金融市場的原因 9 增長的正外部性，如果養(yǎng)老保險制度的貢獻錢花費投資。此 選項要求，除其他外，結(jié)合個人參與系統(tǒng)中的幾代人之間的本地生產(chǎn)總值除以對實體經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，如已經(jīng)完成在波蘭和瑞典。在所有這些案件有一個養(yǎng)老權(quán)市場種類。命名為“安全系統(tǒng)通過多樣性“ 1999 年 1 月開始。主要目標是設(shè)計一個系統(tǒng)可以是中性的，或者至少關(guān)閉經(jīng)濟增長無論對中立人口老齡化。 下面的子彈協(xié)助抓的波蘭新概念的本質(zhì)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。養(yǎng)老保險制度的唯一的作用是提供一個有效的方法，對收入分配工作的一代人生命周期。該整個操作影響的百分比，但不是真正的金錢流動。然而，傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金制度的低效率在實現(xiàn)這一目標的提出風險。波蘭屬于一個國家的非 組，為眾多的人準備我們的時間，即人口老齡化最嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)。這種類型的系統(tǒng)有利于勞動力的流動，這是特別需
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