【正文】
是短期內(nèi)很難在社會(huì)問題方面趕上其它發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。而且,信息化意識(shí)和接受度在理論和實(shí)踐上還處于發(fā)展當(dāng)中。 發(fā)展電子商務(wù)的社會(huì)壁壘 在中 國(guó),電子商務(wù)活動(dòng)同樣被一些社會(huì)問題阻礙。電子商務(wù)可能引起多層次的問題,例如電子商務(wù)的合法性、電 子合同、電子傾向。例如,中國(guó)在電子簽名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施前,沒有一個(gè)專門的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)行為, 因此,不能建立一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的與國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兼容的商業(yè)環(huán)境,這種商業(yè)環(huán)境 11 對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化具有重大的影響。 目前中國(guó)的 電子商務(wù)配送系統(tǒng)仍然不能充分滿足需求。缺 乏信用會(huì)導(dǎo)致由保護(hù)自己不受可能的傷害而產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間和資源的浪費(fèi)。理論上說,總結(jié)起來有三條建立信任的過程: 1. 基于知識(shí)的信任是一種隨著時(shí)間推移的信任,在這個(gè)過程中,其中一方不斷學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的意圖、能力和活動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 3. 信任轉(zhuǎn)換發(fā)生在合作伙伴和受信任方發(fā)生聯(lián)系時(shí),其中一方對(duì)不熟悉的交 易伙伴給予信任。在建立一個(gè)積極、有效和滿意的電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)的主題上,信任是一個(gè)在過去一些年里沒有受到充分重視的主要問題。 。從對(duì) EI 計(jì)算機(jī)的研究安全中,我們簡(jiǎn)要地談?wù)摿嗽陟柟绦湃味鹊目紤]上如果實(shí)施電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)。 在本文中,我們調(diào)查了中國(guó)目前正在開展的電子商務(wù)活動(dòng)。 2. 基于制度的信任依賴于“信任基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”的建立,社會(huì)認(rèn)可的第三方中介機(jī)構(gòu)證明雙方在商業(yè)交換中的可信度,或?qū)嶋H上執(zhí)行一個(gè)或兩個(gè)合作伙伴的信賴行為的創(chuàng)建。在一般的電子商務(wù)過程中,影 響消費(fèi)者對(duì)電子商務(wù)過程信任的因素包括安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、隱私風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及可靠性的缺乏。不完善的配送系統(tǒng)仍然對(duì)產(chǎn)品和銷售部門產(chǎn)生消極影響,由于對(duì)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ),運(yùn)輸和裝載等功能作為獨(dú)立的實(shí)體有著不同的關(guān)聯(lián),因此配送問題目前并沒有很好的解決。目前的電子商務(wù)只能被視為準(zhǔn)電子商務(wù),因?yàn)樾庞皿w系缺乏信任、有效的監(jiān)控和支付機(jī)制。 電子商務(wù)缺乏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。電子商務(wù)給社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來充足的動(dòng)力;同時(shí),它也產(chǎn)生一些新的問題。但是,中國(guó)信息化和電子設(shè)施的普及仍落后于美國(guó),甚至即使有 70%的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶增長(zhǎng)率發(fā)生在中國(guó),這也僅僅歸根于中國(guó)龐大的人口基數(shù)和不同地區(qū)之間的不平衡發(fā)展。對(duì)工業(yè)化的信息化的關(guān)系和互動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)還不夠。原因主要是當(dāng)信息時(shí)代的來臨對(duì)工業(yè)化國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生巨大影響的時(shí)候,當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)環(huán)境卻使中國(guó)沒有習(xí)慣它的降臨。更多細(xì)節(jié)在第四節(jié)將被描述。一些專家提出,對(duì)一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)零售商的信任是具體 體現(xiàn)在消費(fèi)者自愿接受一項(xiàng)基于對(duì)電子零售商未來行為有良好期望的在線交易之上。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看,除了加強(qiáng)教育和培訓(xùn)外,我們可以借助技術(shù)手段去加強(qiáng)消費(fèi)者對(duì)不熟悉電子零售商的信任。由于上述問題,電子商務(wù)專家們普遍認(rèn)為,制約中國(guó)電子商務(wù)發(fā)展的瓶頸正是信任問題。第二,商業(yè)法律和規(guī)章不能完全保護(hù)顧客的商 人的權(quán)益。一方面,人們對(duì)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上 開展商務(wù)印象深刻,但另一方面他們?nèi)匀粨?dān)心廣泛地使用電子商務(wù)這一方式。在第 4 節(jié)中,我 們提出了一種可以處理誠(chéng)信問題的計(jì)算模型。阻礙中國(guó)電子 商務(wù)發(fā)展的原因可歸結(jié)為很多問題和障礙。隨著中國(guó)九十年代后期互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普遍應(yīng)用,在接下來的許多年里出現(xiàn)了各種應(yīng)用,激勵(lì)著成千上萬(wàn)懷著一夜致富的夢(mèng)想的年輕人在網(wǎng)上建立他們自己的 事業(yè)。作為一種開展商務(wù)的新方式,電子商務(wù)正越來越多地影響、改變甚至替換傳 統(tǒng)商務(wù)模式。雖然在中國(guó)科技和社會(huì)誠(chéng)信已經(jīng)得到了較好的發(fā)展,但是電子商務(wù)相對(duì)來說比較新奇,在商業(yè)行業(yè)內(nèi)并沒有被很多人接受。 whether new tax and collecting methods are needed for some intangible products (. software, electrical audio and video)。 in the meantime, it raises some new problems. So we need to address the inadequacy of traditional policy and laws in the new circumstance, and remend new and effective law and regulation system. Emerce may cause multifacet problems, such as legitimacy and authentication of Ecurrency, Econtract, and Ebill. Taxation is another problem. It includes how to collect business tax and custom。 how to manage and control export and import of intangible products, and so on. There is a lack of ECommerce standard. Standardization and legislation is a difficult but important task in developing ECommerce. For instance, before the ESignature Standard was invented in China, there was no particular standard to normalize the behaviors on Inter, therefore, it could not setup a standard business environment patible with international standards, which has a huge impact on integration of individual country and global economy. Another problem associated with ECommerce is the social credit system and payment system. The present ECommerce can only be regarded as quasiECommerce. Since the credit system lacks of trust, effective monitoring and payment mechanism. The Inter modity transaction centers only fulfilled parts of ECommerce processes, but by no mean to be full processes from prepurchase to postpurchase. The current distribution system for Chinese ECommerce is still not satisfied enough. For instance, the delivery of products has yet to be separated from manufacturing and mercial enterprisers. The inplete distribution system still 6 responds passively to production and sales departments, where different processing links such as warehousing, transporting and loading functions as independent entities so that the distribution problem has not been solved well at present. In summary, these informationization gaps and social barriers indeed hinder the development of Chinese ECommerce, but many people consider lack of consumers trust in ECommerce merchants, technology, social, financial and legal infrastructures of ECommerce environment as the most concerned issues that affect the development in an individual country, since most traditional cues for assessing trust in physical world are not available online. (III) Trust Issue Trust is a catalyst for human