20xx年醫(yī)學專題—胎兒的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)(英文版)-全文預覽
【正文】 arely associated with chromosome abnormalities [4],第四十一頁，共七十四頁。,Endocardial Cushion Defect,vents,atria,第三十八頁，共七十四頁。,Endocardial Cushion Defect,atria,第三十四頁，共七十四頁。,Endocardial Cushion Defect,5% of CHD Recur risk = 3% (1 sib), 10% (2 sibs), 1% (dad), 14% (mom) Freq assoc with other anomalies。,Tetralogy of Fallot,Associated with chromosome anomalies (1250%) [1] Recurrence risk = 2.5% (1 sib), 8% (2 sibs) [4] Cause = unequal division of the conus into smaller RV portion and larger LV portion [4],第二十八頁，共七十四頁。,VSD,RV,第二十四頁，共七十四頁。,Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD),Most frequent cardiac defect (2030%) [4] IV septum: inlet, trabecular, infundibular and membranous portions (muscular and membranous) Maldevelopment of muscular septum or endocardial cushion。,Pericardial effusion ???,NO!!! Normal amount fluid ( 2mm),第十七頁，共七十四頁。,Spine,Sp,Left Atrium,Right Atrium,Left Ventricle,Right Ventricle,Moderator Band,Foramen Ovale,Four Chamber,Interventricular Septum,第十三頁，共七十四頁。,The Four Chamber View,Portion of the atrial septum present (crus),第十頁，共七十四頁。,The Four Chamber View,Heart fills one third of the chest,第六頁，共七十四頁。 10% two siblings affected 9% father affected 12% mother affected Causes 50% deaths from congenital disease,第二頁，共七十四頁。,Fetal Cardiology,Cardiac anomalies are the most frequently overlooked group of abnormalities Congenital heart disease = 0.8% of all pregnancies 4% one sibling affected。,GOALS,Review normal cardiac anatomy and its sonographic appearance (four chamber, LVOT, RVOT) Explore diagnostic pitfalls Review the appearance of more common structural cardiac defects,第五頁，共七十四頁。,The Four Chamber View,MV and TV move on real time imaging Ventricular septum symmetric,第九頁，共七十四頁。 verify PA crosses anterior to asc aorta Pathology: transposition, truncus arteriosus,第十二頁，共七十四頁。,Pitfalls: PseudoVSD,When the IV septum parallels the US beam, resultant echo drop out looks like VSD IV septum normally tapers near the AV valves Corrected by changing the angle of view,IV septum parallels US beam (echo dropout),Changing Angle,第十六頁，共七十四頁。,Pathology,VSD Tetralogy of fallot Endocardial cushion defect Transposition of the great vessels Hypoplastic left heart Hypoplastic right heart Double outlet right ventricle Truncus arteriosus Ebstein anom
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