外文翻譯tallbuildingstructure外文翻譯-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 onstitutes the earthquake. The earthquake generally originates deep within the earth at a point on the fault where the stress that produces the slip is a maximum. This point is called the hypocenter or focus and the point on the earth39。題目： **藍(lán)天有限公司辦公樓設(shè)計(jì) 一、外文原文： Tall Building Structure Tall buildings have fascinated mankind from the beginning of civilization, their construction being initially for defense and subsequently for ecclesiastical purposes. The growth in modern tall building construction, however, which began in the 1880s, has been largely for mercial and residential purposes. Tall mercial buildings are primarily a response to the demand by business activities to be as close to each other, and to the city center, as possible, thereby putting intense pressure on the available land space. Also, because they form distinctive landmarks, tall mercial buildings are frequently developed in city centers as prestige symbols for corporate anizations. Further, the business and tourist munity, with its increasing mobility, has fuelled a need for more, frequently highrise, city center hotel acmodations. The rapid growth of the urban population and the consequent pressure on limited space have considerably influenced city residential development. The high cost of land, the desire to avoid a continuous urban sprawl, and the need to preserve important agricultural production have all contributed to drive residential buildings upward. Ideally, in the early stages of planning a building, the entire design team, including the architect, structural engineer, and services engineer, should collaborate to agree on a form of structure to satisfy their respective requirements of function, safety and serviceability, and servicing. A promise between conflicting demands will be almost inevitable. In all but the very tallest structures, however, the structural arrangement will be subservient to the architectural requirements of space arrangement and aesthetics. The two primary types of vertical loadresisting elements of tall buildings are columns and walls, the latter acting either independently as shear walls or in assemblies as shear wall cores. The building function will lead naturally to the provision of walls to divide and enclose space, and of cores to contain and convey services such as elevators. Columns will be provided, in otherwise unsupported regions, to transmit gravity loads and, in some types of structure, horizontal loads also. The inevitable primary function of the structural elements is to resist the gravity loading from the weight of the building and its contents. Since the loading on different floors tends to be similar, the weight of the floor system per unit floor area is approximately constant, regardless of the building height. Because the gravity load on the columns increases down the height of a building, the weight of columns per unit area increases approximately linearly with the building height. The highly probable second fu
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