【正文】 l the traffic tools to provide accurate, realtime navigation and positioning. Will play an important role in safeguarding for space science development, national defense construction. In order to earthquake, flood, landslide, debris flow, El Nino and other natural disasters, development forecast, forecast. Play an active role in disaster prevention, disaster reduction, disaster relief. The accurate determination of the motion of the plates, the pole shift, the earth39。 GIS:Geographical Information System, geographic information system. RS： Remote Sensing, 遙感（本意是 “遙遠(yuǎn)的感覺 ”） Remote sensing (RS:Remote Sensing, is intended to feel distant) VLBI: Very Long Baseline Interferometry,甚長(zhǎng)基線干涉測(cè)量。s shape, size and the earth39。s surface shape and size of the local region mapping topographic maps from the field to the drawings (mapping or determination) 2, the drawing design good engineering building, the instrument and method calibration to the field from drawings to the field (setting or setting). 3, under construction and pletion of the building deformation monitoring, regular deformation observation. Such as France39。 GIS): supported by puter hardware, all kinds of geographic information according to the spatial distribution, in a certain format input, storage, retrieval, update, display, graphics and prehensive analysis of the technology system. It contains data, symbol and image etc.. The concept of Measurement Science (Surveying): surveying is the study of how to determine the location of the ground plane points and elevation, the topography of the earth39。英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯： Basic surveying and mapping Introduction The concept and classification of the first section surveying and mapping (Surveying and Mapping。 GI): reflect the characteristics of geographical system and its factors, various information dynamic, rhythm, rhythm, cycle and distribution. The general is the image of geographic information, digital geographic information and file information. A variety of geographic information of modern geography through observation, statistics, document retrieval, aerial survey, ground measurements, the aircraft measurement for information on the surface of the earth and space condition. The concept of geographic information system (Geographical Information System。s surface according to a certain proportion shrinking as topography, for scientific research, the national economic construction and planning design. Survey and design concept is the planning drawing design good building, structure location (position and Gao Cheng) with the measurement instrument and the measurement method on ground calibration as the basis for construction. Two, surveying and mapping science research object Object mapping studies, usually is the surface of the earth (including land and sea) and fixtures. With the continuous development of science and technology, the research object will be extended to the distant space and other plas. Three, the task of Surveying and mapping Typically, surveying and mapping tasks are divided into three aspects as follows: 1, the surface of the earth or the earth39。s Barcelona arch dam after the crash, the deformation of dam observation work more attention, since the international conference to dam deformation observation of dam as an important content included in the agenda, and published a large number of observation data. The meeting in many countries (Committee) or government, to monitor reservoir or dam safety and much stricter regulations. Four, surveying and mapping science classification Surveying and mapping science as a subject, can be divided into several independent discipline: 1, geodesy (geodesy): is the space in a certain time reference system, measurement and description of the earth and other plaary bo