【正文】 k／ m 壩體混凝土主要特征 壩體混凝土的設(shè)計(jì)齡期為 90 天，水工設(shè)計(jì)中內(nèi)部混凝土用 的是 100＃ ，外部混凝土用150＃ 。在壩區(qū)變質(zhì)頁(yè)巖中還有裂隙承壓水，穩(wěn)定水位 432～ 446m，單寬涌水量一般為3L/min，最大為 120L/min，隨巖石裂隙發(fā)育程度、聯(lián)通情況和深度而變化。 壩址右岸距河邊 480m 處，有一天然沖刷的鞍狀地形，溢洪道即建此處，該處系古河道的遺址，兩側(cè)有大小沖溝數(shù)條，與它成 70176。 壩址區(qū)及上下游河床覆蓋層厚 5－ 12m。柳河流向，在壩址附近轉(zhuǎn)為 S260176。峽內(nèi)流速最大為 7m/s，最小為 。 風(fēng)向及風(fēng)速 本地區(qū)春季多風(fēng)，最大風(fēng)速為 17m/s，風(fēng)向多為東北向。冬季行凌初期，多為針狀，薄片狀冰化閉。 表 1最長(zhǎng)一次降水延續(xù)時(shí)間 4晝，最大一次降雨量為 21mm。 氣 候特征 表 壩區(qū) 1953～ 1988 年氣溫（℃）特征 項(xiàng)目 月份 日平均最高 絕對(duì)最高 日平均最低 絕對(duì)最低 月平均 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 年平均 氣溫 本區(qū)為大陸性氣候。 壩區(qū)附近可供施工場(chǎng)地布置的地段，有右岸李家溝，峽谷出口下游右岸的明壩和左岸的易家灣等階地，各地段特性如表 所示。這些沖溝切割既深且短，均系沿?cái)鄬蛹肮?jié)理裂隙發(fā)育而成，與河谷多成 70176。右岸壩頭附近為一狹小丘陵階地，高出河面約 110m 左右。～ 85176。 樞紐選定壩址位于峽谷尾部，距峽谷出口約 ，壩區(qū)河床兩岸山坡陡峻，成 V 字形。 樞紐主要任務(wù)是發(fā)電，共裝三臺(tái)機(jī)組，每臺(tái)機(jī)組 15萬(wàn)噸，發(fā)電的最低水位為 500m，相應(yīng)庫(kù)容 億 m3。 Tunnel design, plug design, blasting design, slag transport design. The principle and the purpose of this design is: through this graduation design, make the learned knowledge consolidated, strengthen and expand and systematically, at the same time to strengthen and improve the theoretical knowledge to solve practical engineering problems of the ability to work independently, and preliminary grasp of water conservancy hub and hydraulic structure design idea, design procedure, design principles, steps and methods of training students39。 本設(shè)計(jì)的主要任務(wù)是根據(jù)工程基本設(shè)計(jì)資料和其他要求，對(duì)松濤水利樞紐施工導(dǎo)流綜合方案進(jìn)行 施工 組織設(shè)計(jì)。樞紐主要任務(wù)是發(fā)電，共裝三臺(tái)機(jī)組，每臺(tái)機(jī)組 15 萬(wàn)噸，發(fā)電的最低水位為 500m，相應(yīng)庫(kù)容為 億 m3。 關(guān)鍵詞：施工導(dǎo)流；隧洞；爆破 河北工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 2 The Instruction of The Design The design originally stems from the actual projectthe SongTao Hydro Project which is located in the SongTao Ge of the LiuHe project is a Hydraulic Structures,which is consist of the riverbed concrete gravity dam, the spillway, the earth dam on the right bank and the dam plant behind the dam,etc. The main task of this design is according to the basic engineering design data and other requirements, to the song tao water conservancy construction diversion schemes for the prehensive construction anization design. Design content is: according to the basic data of construction diversion scheme design, choosing reasonable diversion。 blastin河北工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 目錄 1 基本資料 ........................................................................................................ 1 流域概況 .............................................................................................................................. 1 施工場(chǎng)地及運(yùn)輸條件 ............................................................................................................ 1 氣候特征 .............................................................................................................................. 2 水文條件 .............................................................................................................................. 4 工程地質(zhì)條件 ....................................................................................................................... 6 當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ牧? ....................................................................................................................... 7 壩體混凝土主要特征 ............................................................................................................ 7 其他資料 .............................................................................................................................. 8 2 施工導(dǎo)流設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 9 施工導(dǎo)流方式與適用條件 ..................................................................................................... 9 2． 2 導(dǎo)流方案確定 ...................................................................................................................11 3 隧洞設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................... 14 導(dǎo)流隧洞的布置 ................................................................................................................. 14 隧洞的斷面形式與尺寸 ....................................................................................................... 15 隧洞的進(jìn)口高程及坡降 ....................................................................................................... 17 隧洞進(jìn)口的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................. 17 隧洞出口的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................. 18 隧洞的水力計(jì)算 ................................................................................................................. 19 隧洞流態(tài)的判斷 ................................................................................................................. 19 隧洞堵頭的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................. 21 4 隧洞的施工設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 25 隧洞開(kāi)挖方式的比較及選取 ................................................................................................ 25 隧洞的開(kāi)挖程序 ................................................................................................................. 26 隧洞開(kāi)挖方法的確定 .......................................................................................................... 27 平洞的襯砌和支護(hù)施工 ....................................................................................................... 28 5 爆破設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................... 29 炮孔類型及其作用 .............................................................................................................. 29 炮孔形式 ...................................................................................................................