【正文】 brief view. Then came the actual motion of the rocksdrifting, sailing, like rudderless boats in a place where they wring out rainbows. By then, the air currents had gone crazy. One updraft after another, like fountains, I fought them as best I could, but knew I could not hold things together much longer at that altitude. I rose a considerable distance, fetting everything for a time while trying to stabilize the craft. When I looked down again, it was like viewing a freeform regatta of black icebergs. The roc ks were racing around, clashing together, backing off, colliding again, spinning, arcing across the open spaces, passing among one another. Then I was slammed about, forced down, forced upand I saw a strut give way. I gave the shadows their final nudge, then looked again. The tower had appeared in the distance, something brighter than ice or aluminum stationed at its base. That final push had done it. I realized that just as I felt the winds start a particularly nasty piece of business. Then several cables snapped and I was on my way downlike riding a waterfall. I got the nose up, brought it in low and w ild, saw where we were headed, and jumped at the last moment. T he poor glider was pulverized by one of those peripatetic monoliths. I felt worse about that than I did about the scrapes, rips, and lumps I collected. Then I had to move quic kly, because a hill was racing toward me. We both veered, fortunately in different directions. I hadn39。t know how they would work there, but that wardenthing had been awfully brightand it never hurts to try anything extra you can think of. For that matter, I also took a gun. I had a feeling it would be worthless, and I was right. But, like I said, you never know till you try. The only person I said goodbye to was another drummer, because I stopped to give him my set before I left. I knew he39。t answering, he wasn39。s the matter? . . . prisoner, he said, and something else that I couldn39。t admit even to himself that there were some things other people could do better. If you kept beating him at anything you had to be cheating. He started a nasty argument over it one nightcould have gotten seriousbut Gerard and Caine broke it up. G ive Caine that. He took my part that time. Poor guy . . . Hell of a way to go, you know? His throat . . . Well, anyhow, there I was in Texorami, making music and women, winning at cards and jockeying around the sky. Palm trees and nightblooming wallflowers. Lots of good port smellsspices, coffee, tar, saltyou know. Gentlefolk, merchants, and peons the same straights as in most other places. Sailors and assorted travelers passing in and out. Guys like me living around the edges of things. I spent a little over two years in Texorami, happy. Really. Not much contact with the others. Sort of postcard like hellos via the Trumps every now and then, and that was about it. Amber was pretty much off my mind. All this changed one night when I was sitting there with a fu ll house and the guy across from me was trying to make up his mind whether or not I was bluffing. The Jack of Diamonds began talking to me. Yes, that is how it started. I was in a weird frame of mind anyway. I had just finished a couple very hot sets and was still kind of high. A lso, I was physically strung out from a long day39。s about the only thing I wouldn39。這次論文順利的完成與你們的熱忱幫助密不可分。從剛開始接受課題到完成論文，這期間凝結(jié)了各位老師的心血，許多時候你們不辭勞苦，陪著我們鉆研課題，講解難處，無半句怨言，在此我深深的感謝你們。由于近年來，火災(zāi)的情況不斷發(fā)生，使設(shè)計工程師在觀念上，一提到應(yīng)急照明就認(rèn)為是火災(zāi)狀態(tài)下的應(yīng)急照明。有關(guān)其應(yīng)急照明的內(nèi)容是一致的，區(qū)別在于是否將安全照明獨立對待， IEC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將安全照明歸于備用照明，但在實際使用中，安全照明與備用照明在設(shè)置場所及處理方式上有不同，因此，將兩者區(qū)分開來較適宜。放電終了，應(yīng)該是指該應(yīng)急燈規(guī)定的應(yīng)急持續(xù)工作時間的終了。對于非持續(xù)運行應(yīng)急燈，轉(zhuǎn)換到 蓄電池供電 5S 后的光通量要求不低于其額定光通量的 80%。一般應(yīng)有過充電保護(hù)。蓄電池在正常充放電條件下，使用壽命應(yīng)不小于 45 年，或按全充放電循環(huán)考核，不少于 400 次。 （ 3）照明熄滅后整個場所都要繼續(xù)工作的，應(yīng)利用正常照明燈具的一部分作為備用照明；當(dāng)備用照明要求與正常照明保持相同照度的重要公共建筑，應(yīng)利用正常照明全部燈，而不另裝燈具，在電源故障時轉(zhuǎn)換 17 到應(yīng)急電源供電。 （ 4）重要的地下建筑，如地下鐵路車站及運行室、地下旅館、商場及娛樂所等。 16 第 9 章 備用照明的設(shè)置 需要裝設(shè)備用照明的場所備用照明應(yīng)根據(jù)場所的生產(chǎn)、工作和運行特點而定，各種行業(yè)有自己的特殊要求。《火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計規(guī)范》 (GBJ11688)第 6 條規(guī)定： “火災(zāi)確認(rèn)后，消防控制設(shè)備對聯(lián)動控制 對象應(yīng)有下列功能：接通火災(zāi)事故照明燈和疏散指示燈 ,切斷有關(guān)部位的非消防電源。 此外，應(yīng)急燈應(yīng)符合有關(guān)部門制訂的安全技術(shù)要求?！睹褚?guī)》第 1 7 條規(guī)定： “備用照明應(yīng)由兩路電源或兩回線路供電 ”，這比專用回路供電方案要嚴(yán)格。因要考慮在火災(zāi)情況下，投入應(yīng)急照明，所以，其配電線路和控制回路宜按防火分區(qū)劃分。 ② 避難層應(yīng)急照明供電時間不應(yīng)少于 。 4 由柴油發(fā)電機組供電時，要求發(fā)電機具有自啟動功能，起動及投入運行時間小于 15s，應(yīng)急照明配電系統(tǒng)自成體系。 目前我國一些規(guī)范中對上述應(yīng) 急照明電源的應(yīng)用范圍沒有作出具體規(guī)定，事實上，因為受應(yīng)急照明電源轉(zhuǎn)換時間和供電時間的影響，在設(shè)計中采用以上兩種或三種電源的組合供電方式，會顯得更加合理、可靠。該系統(tǒng)可將應(yīng)急燈直接接入正常照明供電系統(tǒng)，平時還可利用正常供電對備用電源充電。 （ 2）組合電源的應(yīng)用同時設(shè)置有兩種以至三種應(yīng)急電源，當(dāng)然可靠性更高，但投資更大，一般只在重要的公共建筑、高層建筑中采用。缺點是容量小，持續(xù)時間較短，需要經(jīng)常維護(hù)檢查，在重要的公共建筑、重要的地下建筑，有時和其它應(yīng)急電源配合使用；在小型公共建筑，如小型旅館，取得電網(wǎng)備用電源較困難時，用蓄電池較為合算。而不能單獨用于安全照明。所以，設(shè)計時，應(yīng)統(tǒng)一安排電力設(shè)備和應(yīng)急照明的電源和應(yīng)急電源，以求經(jīng)濟(jì)合理。 來自電網(wǎng)的備用電源特點和應(yīng)用這種形式應(yīng)用普遍，轉(zhuǎn)換快，可靠，持續(xù)時間長。 《民規(guī)》表 2 5 中，提出暫時繼續(xù)工作的備用照明的照度不少于正常照度的 50%，這規(guī)定超出了《照標(biāo)》及 CIE 提出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時，它與本規(guī)范附錄表 C、 12 中提出的設(shè)計要求自相矛盾，該表中要求： “消防控制室 …… ，應(yīng)保持正常照明的照度水平，其他場所可不低于正常照明照度的 1/10，但最低不宜少于 5lx。綠色和白色符合《燈光信號顏色》（ GB8417）的有關(guān)色度坐標(biāo)規(guī)定。必要時，也可用綠色圖形標(biāo)志面板和圖形文字的顏色面板背景一般用綠色，圖形文字用白色。 疏散標(biāo)志的尺寸：標(biāo)志面板及圖形文字部分的尺寸，北京地方標(biāo)志作了原則規(guī)定。用英文標(biāo)志時，按國外寫法統(tǒng)一用 “EXIT”。1990 年頒布后，統(tǒng)一了北京各生產(chǎn)廠的產(chǎn)品，其他省市的一些生產(chǎn)廠，也在按該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)。有些國家規(guī)定了更高地比例。即從正常電源供電轉(zhuǎn)換到蓄電池供電后，光源輸出光通量的比例。 應(yīng)有逆變、控制、保護(hù)及充電等環(huán)節(jié)。 6 蓄電池：要求使用全封閉、免維護(hù)、尺寸小的充電型電池，一般應(yīng)使用鎘鎳電池，條件較優(yōu)越，但尺寸較大，壽命較短，但不應(yīng)使用汽車蓄電池，更不允許用原電池。這條照度要求比《照標(biāo)》及 CIE 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都要高，應(yīng)該說，醫(yī)院內(nèi)的重要手術(shù)室、急救室肯定是屬于 “潛在危險場所 ”，其安全照明的照度若能大于正常照明時的 10%，我認(rèn)為，它就滿足了國家的標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)，但在實踐中，若無技術(shù)的困難，確實宜保持正常照明的水平。 5 第 4 章 安全照明的理解 《照標(biāo)》對安全照明的解釋是：作為應(yīng)急照明的一部分，用以確保處于潛在危險之中的人員安全。主要應(yīng)考慮發(fā)生火災(zāi)或其它災(zāi)害時，人員疏散、在建筑物內(nèi)搜尋人員、救援等需要的時間 。因涉及人身安全更為直接，要求較高，應(yīng)急電源只能使用電網(wǎng)線路自動轉(zhuǎn)換或蓄電池。根據(jù) CIE 規(guī)定要求說明如下。 防煙樓梯間及其前室、消防電梯間及其前室。 疏散指示標(biāo)志燈 正常時：在 20m 遠(yuǎn)處能識別標(biāo)志，其亮度不應(yīng)低于 15cd/m2，不高于 300cd/m2(CIE 推薦標(biāo)準(zhǔn) )。 觀眾廳、多功能廳、候車 (機 )大廳、醫(yī)院病房的樓梯口、疏散出口。用詞在各規(guī)范中都不完全一致。從使用功能角度看，我認(rèn)為它可分為誘導(dǎo)指示標(biāo)志照明和疏散一般照明。由于近年來，火災(zāi)的情況不斷發(fā)生，使設(shè)計工程師在觀念上，一提到應(yīng)急照明就認(rèn)為是火災(zāi)狀態(tài)下的應(yīng)急照明。有關(guān)其應(yīng)急照明的內(nèi)容是一致的，區(qū)別在于是否將安全照明 獨立對待， IEC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將安全照明歸于備用照明，但在實際使用中，安全照明與備用照明在設(shè)置場所及處理方式上有不同，因此，將兩者區(qū)分開來較適宜。 應(yīng)急照明是現(xiàn)代公共建筑及工業(yè)建筑 的重要安全設(shè)施，它同人身安全和建筑物安全緊密相關(guān)。實際上，《照標(biāo)》