【正文】 與 CIE 規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相同。在某些場所 (如：收銀處，商場貴重物品售貨處等 )，若能適當(dāng)提高備用照明的照度，這也是合理我歸納總結(jié)了備用照明及安全照計要求。一般說，公共建筑、廠房內(nèi)，由于生產(chǎn)、工作需要，具有電網(wǎng)備用應(yīng)急電源時，首先利用它作為應(yīng)急照明電源。 電源中斷后，應(yīng)急發(fā)電機(jī)組投入運(yùn)行需要較長時間。在高層建筑常常是為消防要求設(shè)置的，如香港就規(guī)定 8 層以上的公共建筑應(yīng)設(shè)發(fā)電機(jī)組作應(yīng)急電源；在某些工業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠房或通訊、交通秩序也往往是和生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)行的電力設(shè)施需要一起考慮。但像計算機(jī)站等建筑內(nèi)已有 UPS，且容量能滿足要求時，可利用 UPS 供給本場所內(nèi)的應(yīng)急照明是適宜的。 11 第 6 章 應(yīng)急照明的 供電 應(yīng)急照明的供電主要有兩種：一種是分散供電式系統(tǒng)，即每個應(yīng)急燈上自帶備用電源。該系統(tǒng)需設(shè)置獨(dú)立的供電線路和配電設(shè)備。 2 集中供電系統(tǒng)或分區(qū)設(shè)置蓄電池組供電方式時，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是供電可靠性高、轉(zhuǎn)換迅速，與自帶蓄電池方式相比投資較少，管理及維護(hù)較方便，缺點(diǎn)是需要專門房 間，電池故障影響面較大，且線路要考慮防火問題，供電容量受到制約。缺點(diǎn)是轉(zhuǎn)換時間較長，不能用于安全照明及某些對轉(zhuǎn)換時間要求較高場所 的備用照明。 所以我認(rèn)為：應(yīng)急照明燈數(shù)不多，規(guī)模小的建筑物可采用分散供電式系統(tǒng)，其余建筑，特別是高層建筑宜采用自啟動柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組作為應(yīng)急照明的主要供電方式或后備供電方式 (起動及投入運(yùn)行時間小于 15s)，只對誘導(dǎo)指示照明，安全照明及金融商業(yè)交易場所等對轉(zhuǎn)換時間要求較高場所的備用照明，采用分散供電式的應(yīng)急照明燈具作為過渡照明，以滿足轉(zhuǎn)換時間的要求。這些措施是一種比較經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全可靠的敷設(shè)方法，對保證應(yīng)急照明配電線路可靠、安全 供電是必要的。 ”并在條文解釋中說明，這規(guī)定是在考慮了不少設(shè)計人員的異議后作出的具體修改規(guī) 定，需要雙電源并在最末一級配電箱處自動切換的重點(diǎn)是高層建筑的消防控制室、消防電梯、防排煙風(fēng)機(jī)等。 (3)為提高認(rèn)辨效果和清晰度， CIE 推薦圖形文字的亮度要大于15cd/m2。在實際設(shè)計中，應(yīng)急照明常結(jié)合正常照明統(tǒng)一布置，利用正常照明燈的部分或全部作為應(yīng)急照明，當(dāng)某場所發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，接通或保持應(yīng)急照明燈，指示人員疏散，同時，切斷有關(guān)部位的消防電源，防止電氣線路短路，方便撲救工作，但當(dāng)人們已經(jīng)疏散撤離完，消防控制也應(yīng)將該場所應(yīng)急照明電源切斷，只保留帶蓄電池的應(yīng)急照明燈以維持必要持續(xù)時間的照明 便可，這樣可以完全減少救火人員觸電的可能性，更便于撲救。 （ 2）照明熄滅將造成系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行、操作或工作無法繼續(xù)運(yùn)行，從而導(dǎo)致很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失或不良影響的 場所，如通訊中心、電視臺、廣播電臺、鐵路或航空樞紐、發(fā)電站、中心變電站、重要的動力供應(yīng)站、城市供水設(shè)施，還有國家大會堂、國際會議中心、國際比賽場館、高級賓館等。 （ 1）備用照明應(yīng)與正常照明統(tǒng)一布置，以求經(jīng)濟(jì)、合理、整體協(xié)調(diào)?？梢杂米鞲黝悜?yīng)急照明燈，更多地用于疏散標(biāo)志燈。電池的再充電時間不應(yīng)少于 24h。 逆變電路應(yīng)保證一定的流明效率。 電池放電終了時的電壓不應(yīng)低于額定電壓的 80%。 應(yīng)急照明燈數(shù)不多，規(guī)模小的建筑物可采用分散供電式系統(tǒng)，其余建筑，特別是高層建筑宜采用自啟動柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組作為應(yīng)急照明的主要供電方式或后備供電方式 (起動及投入運(yùn)行時間小于 15s)，只對誘導(dǎo)指示照明，安全照明及金融商業(yè)交易場所等對轉(zhuǎn)換時間要求較高場所的備用照明，采用分散供電式的應(yīng)急照明燈具作為過渡照明，以滿足轉(zhuǎn)換時間的要求。應(yīng)急照明可包括疏散照明、安全照明和備用照明。所以，工程應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，不僅要滿足防火規(guī)范要求的火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的設(shè)置，還要滿足各個規(guī)范或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對整體應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的要求。在此衷心的祝愿老師們工作順利，身體健康！ 另外，還要感謝我們同組成員對我的關(guān)照。t wait. And the air currents were fabulous. I had a little red sail plane I used to go sky surfing in, every couple of days. It was the good life. I played drums till all hours in a basement spot up the river where the walls sweated almost as much as the customers and the smoke used to wash around the lights like streams of milk. When I was done playing I39。m good and I39。t know. The Jac k said, Random. Then its face blurred and it said, Help me. I began getting a feel of the personality by then, but it was weak. The whole thing was very weak. T hen the face rearranged itself and I saw that I was right. It was Brand. He looked like hell, and he seemed to be chained or tied to something. Help me, he said again. I39。t bring you through, he said. No Trumps, and I am too weak. You will have to e the long way around.... I did not ask him how he was managing it without my Trump. Finding out where he was seemed of first importance . I asked him how I could locate him. Look very closely, he said. Remember every feature. I may only be able to show you once. Come armed, too. . . . Then I saw the landscapeover his shoulder, out a window, over a battlement, I can39。d say, that made me decide to go it alone and try to rescue him. I dusted off my own Trumps and tried reaching him again. A s you might expect, there was no response. I got a good night39。t know whether you39。t about to don them until it became absolutely necessary. Now, whatever the reason, the rocks avoided the tower. While it seemed to stand on a hill, I realized as I approached that it would be more corre ct to say that the rocks had scooped out an enormous basin just short of it. I could not tell from my side, however, whether the effect was that of an island or a peninsula. I dashed through the smoke and rubble, avoiding the jets of flame that leaped from the cracks and holes. Finally I scrambled up the slope, removing myself from the courseway. Then for several moments I clung at a spot just below any line of sight from the tower. I checked my weapons, controlled my breathing, and put on the goggles. Everything set, I went over the top and came up into a crouch. Yes, the shades worked. And yes, the beast was waiting. 25 It was a fright all right, because in some ways it was kind of beautiful. It had a sna ke body as big around as a barrel, with a head sort of like a massive claw hammer, but kind of tapered to the snout end. Eyes of a very pale green. And it was clear as glass, with very faint, fine lines seeming to indicate scales. Whatever flowed in its veins was reasonably clear, also. You。s what I meant about gliding it being a bit different. So, I bore to the west till the woods gave way to surface green, which quic kly faded, dispe rsed, broke to brown, tan, yellow. L ight and crumbly then, splotched. The price of that was a storm. I rode it out as much as I could, till the lightnings for ked nearby and I feared that the gusts were getting to be too much for the little glider. I toned it dow n fast then, but got more green below as a result. Still, I pulled it out of the storm with a yellow sun firm and bright at my back. After a time, I got it to go desert beneath me again, stark and rolling. Then the sun shrank and strands of cloud whipped past its face, erasing it bit by bit. That was the shortcut that took me farther from Amber than I had been in a long while. No sun then, but the light remained, just as bright but eerie now, directionless. It tricked my eyes, it screwed up pe rspective. I dropped lower, limiting my range of vision. Soon large rocks came into view, and I fought for the shapes I remembered. Gradually, these occurred. The buc kling, flowing effect was easier to achieve under these conditions, but its production was physically disconcerting. I t made it even more difficult to judge my effectiveness in guiding the glider. I got lower than I thought I was and almost collided with one of the roc ks. Finally, though, the smokes rose and flames danced about as I remembered them conforming to no particular pattern, just emerging here and there from crevasses, holes, cave mouths. Colors began to misbehave as I recalled from my