【正文】 ACT CHECK CAPDo Determine the Need for Standardization 62 “ The Illiterate of the Year 2023 . . . 2023年的文盲 . . . will not be the individual who cannot read and write, but the one who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn” 不是不會讀和寫的人，而是不能學習、再學習和重新學習的人 Alvin Toffler * 63 謝謝觀看 /歡迎下載 BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES. BY FAITH I BY FAITH 。 Investigate inconsistencies 6. Act 187。 Develop a plan for encouraging the use of the documented standard CAPDo Determine the Need for Standardization PLAN DO ACT CHECK 61 4. Do 187。 If no standard methods are in place and no one can demonstrate (with data) that consistency among operators exists, simply agree on a method that all will use. This will establish a consistent baseline upon which improvements can be built. PLAN DO ACT CHECK 60 3. Plan 187。 If no documented methods exist, pare different practices among people doing the work 187。 They eliminate safety s in their processes without controlling the factors that made them essential. 55 Resist the temptation to change until we determine: ? Are the documented standards the best? ? What is the impact on the rest of the system? ? Are the methods actually being followed? What’s the Connection? 56 Employee Responsibility 員工的責任 Before anyone can be held responsible for the quality of their own work, they must: 1. Know the job 了解工作 ? Is the job clearly documented? ? Are goals and targets visible? ? Has adequate training been done? ? Do workers know how product is used? 2. Know the standard 了解標準 ? Output must be measurable with immediate feedback on performance. ? Don’t be vague or require interpretation (. words like flat, smooth, etc.) 57 Employee Responsibility (cont) 3. Have the ability to regulate 擁有調(diào)節(jié)的能力 ? When the job does not meet the standard, are there reaction procedures? ? Are best practices leveraged? Must have all 3 in order! (See Appendix A for Checklist) 58 CAPDo Determine the Need for Standardization 1. Check 187。 s o re a s y f i x e s .14 C Po t e n t i a l OPro c e s s Po t e n t i a l Po t e n t i a l S l C a u s e (s ) cF a i l u re Ef f e c t (s ) o f e a M e c h a n i s m (s ) cF u n c t i o n M o d e F a i l u re v s o f F a i l u re us rPo o r t ra i n i n g 3F a i l t o d e t e c t i n t h e p ro c e s s o fi n c o m i n g i n s p e c t i o n2M i s u n d e rs t a n d i n g o f d e f e c td e f i n i t i o n2O P 1 0 0 I N C O M I N GI N SPEC T I O N PO R T F I T T I N G / T ov e r i fy p o r ts m a d eto p r i n tF a i l t o i d e n t i f y d a m a g e dp o rtPo o r Pri n t b i l i t yPo o r g a g ePl a c e m e n t W e l d i n gp ro c e s s f a i l u reSe a l i n g p ro c e s sf a i l u reF u c t i o n t e s t i n f a i l u re815 Elements of FMEA Failure Mode Any way in which a process could fail to meet some measurable expectation. Effect Assuming a failure does occur, describe the effects. List separately each main effect on both a downstream operation and the end user. Severity Using a scale provided, rate the seriousness of the effect. 10 represents worst case, 1 represents least severe. Causes This is the list of causes and/or potential causes of the failure mode. Occurrence This is a ranking, on a scale provided, of the likelihood of the failure occurring. 10 represents near certainty。在 6S中，我們應用 FMEA去了解失效的模式。Failure Mode and Effect Analysis 失 效 模 式 及 其 影 響 分 析 1 Module Objectives課程目的 ? Describe FMEA principles and techniques. ? 描述 FMEA的法則及技巧。 2 FMEA: Failure Modes and Effects Analysis FMEA is a systematic approach used to examine potential failures and prevent their occurrence. It enhances our ability to predict problems and provides a system of ranking, or prioritization, so the most likely failure modes can be addressed. FMEA是用來檢查潛在失效和預防它再次發(fā)生的系統(tǒng)性方法 .它增強了我們預測問題的能力 ,并提供了一個排序或區(qū)分優(yōu)先次序的系統(tǒng) ,因而使得最可能的失效模式得以確定 . FMEA is generally applied during the initial stages of a process or product design. Brainstorming is used to determine potential failure modes, their causes, their severity, and their likelihood of occurring. In Six Sigma, we apply FMEA to know failure modes. Our main interests are the cause and likelihood of occurrence, for which we have actual data and do not need to rely on brainstorming. FMEA通常應用在工藝及產(chǎn)品設計的初期，自由討論決定潛在失效的模式、原因、嚴重度及發(fā)生的可能性。 FMEA 3 Definition of FMEA 定義 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure modes and causes associated with the designing and manufacturing of a new product or a change to an existing product. 2. 認識和評估 新產(chǎn)品的設計和制造時或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品做出改變時相關的潛在失效模式和原因 2. identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of the potential failure occurring, 3. 確定 消除或減少潛在失效發(fā)生機會的行動 3. document the process. 4. 使過程形成 文件 FMEA is a systematic design evaluation procedure whose purpose is to: 是系統(tǒng)的設計評估程序 4 ? Failure to perform a defined function 執(zhí)行既定功能的失效 ? Something occurring that you don‘t expect, or want 發(fā)生了你不希望或不想要的事情 ? Wrong application 應用錯誤 A Failure Mode is . . .失效模式是 …… 5 FMEA Use by Black / Brown / Green Belts ? To identify potential failure modes and rate the severity of their effects ? To identify critical characteristics an