【正文】 nto jewelry. Early peoples also learned that if this material was repeatedly hammered and put into a fire, it would not split or crack. This process of relieving metal stress, called annealing, eventually brought human civilizations out of the Stone Age—particularly when, about 3000 ., people also found that alloying tin with copper produces bronze. Bronze is not only more malleable than copper but also holds a better edge, a quality necessary for such objects as swords and sickles.copperEuphratesseaworthywealthyAlthough copper deposits existed in the foothills of Syria and Turkey, at the headwaters of the Tigris and Euphrates, the largest deposits of copper in the ancient world were found on the island of Crete (Kr237。 the symbol is a circle containing networks of lines that indicate transportation and munication systems. The emergence of the city made possible a surplus of food and an abundance of material wealth, which in turn made possible the institution of holy kingship and the construction of temples, tombs, and citadels. The accumulation of precious metals, the acquisition of the power to build defensive walls, and the control of armies and priests ensured the ascendancy of the king, who may be called the first urban technologist.The ziggurats of Mesopotamia and the pyramids of Egypt symbolize the organizational power and the technological magnitude of the first urban settlements. The pyramid of King Djoser (reigned 26302611 .) of Egypt was built at ?aqqārah by Imhotep around 2620 . The first engineer known by name, Imhotep was worshiped as one of the gods of wisdom. The Great Pyramid of King Khufu involved the organization of more than 100,000 workers and the cutting of million blocks of stone, each weighing 2 to 4 metric tons. The construction of such massive buildings and monuments, the growth of trade in metalwork, and the development of waterresource management also brought about a standardizatio。s) on Crete became a wealthy mining center during the Bronze Age.Finish Time: ______________Scanning Practice TwoInstructions: you are going to read an article on Rise of Agriculture. You should spend as little time as possible to scan for some words in box below from each 2 paragraphs of the reading passage below. The maximum time is 2 minutes. Good luckStart Time: ______________Rise of AgriculturebronzetechnologicalneedlesshiftagricultureemergedtracesoccursoilabundanceavailableBy the time of the Bronze Age, the human societies that dotted every continent had long since made a number of other technological advances. They had developed barbed spears, the bow and arrow, animaloil lamps, and bone needles for making containers and clothing. They had also embarked on a major cultural revolution。 between the city and countryside resident。 the University of Otago (1869), at Dunedin。 old boys and old girls refer to people who have graduated from a school. Private schools or independent schools are called public schools, a term that means just the opposite in the United States. What are called public schools in the United States are called state schools in Britain. When a person is sent down from school, it means he or she has been thrown out. Grammar schools are university preparatory schools, most of which have been replaced by prehensive schools catering to students of all academic abilities. Secondary modern schools provide vocational education rather preparation for university entrance.Finish Time: ______________Skimming Practice ThreeInstructions: you are going to read an article on Education and Religion of New Zealand. You should spend as little time as possible to skim for one word in every other line. The maximum time is 2 minutes. Good luckStart Time: ______________l5transferringminorityAuckland19261899agriculturalteachercertificatesldenominationdecliningmeanwhileaffiliationMaoriactiveEDUCATION AND RELIGION OF NEW ZEALANDEducation Education in New Zealand is free and pulsory for all children aged 6 through 16, although nearly all children begin attending school at age 5. Students spend eight years in primary school, often transferring to specialized intermediate schools for the final two years. Secondary schooling generally takes five years, and it remains tuitionfree for students under the age of 20. Most students attend public secular schools。 and the University of Western Australia (1911).Finish Time: ______________Skimming Practice TwoInstructions: you are going to read an article on Historical Importance of Education in Britain and Contrast with American Education. You should spend as little time as possible to skim for one word in each line. The maximum time is 2 minutes. Good luck!Start Time: ______________vitalprofessionalsliteracy99lTom Brown’spoliticianinspiredbased onfamoushomesickrobustjourneypioneeringmassmajor1902areasLEAscriticizedtaxesscholarships1944secondary1973reformgrantscontroversial1994legislationBritainlhigher fewersegregatingfundedsupplementalcurriculuminspected7, 11,14religiouscollectivechildren4, ,3, 4nurseryprimarydesignategraduatedindependentoppositepersonthrown outpreparatorycateringvocationalentranceHISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONEducation is a vital concern throughout Britain because a highly developed nation depends upon educated professionals and a skilled workforce. The literacy rate in Britain is one of the highest in the world at over 99 percent. Great works of literatureHughes: From Tom Brown39。 the University of Queensland (1910)。s childhood nickname for his younger brother, Augustus. Dickens used the pseudonym while contributing newspaper pieces to London39。 PracticesCOLLECTION