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英語語言學(xué)框架知識中文版-全文預(yù)覽

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【正文】 et in the jawbone 牙槽顎骨處的牙床  10) the teeth: 牙齒  11) the lips: 上下唇  12) blade of tongue: 舌面  13) back of tongue: 舌根  14) pharyngeal cavity: 咽腔  15) nasal cavity: 鼻腔  16) velar: Articulated with the back of the tongue touching or near the soft palate, as (g) in good and (k) in ,如在 good中的(g)以及在 cup中的(k)  17) the tip of the tongue: 舌尖  18) the upper front teeth: 上齒  19) the roof of the mouth: 上顎  20) the lower lip: 下唇  音標(biāo)……寬式和嚴(yán)式標(biāo)音法  International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)  The vowels (monophthongs and diphthongs) 元音(單元音amp。s play Romeo and Juliet: A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.)  Language is used for human munication  Design features of language 語言的甄別特征  American linguist Charles Hockett specified 12 design features:  1) arbitrariness 武斷性  2) productivity 創(chuàng)造性  3) duality 二重性  4) displacement移位性  5) cultural transmission 文化傳遞性二、音系學(xué)  語言的聲音媒介  什么是語音學(xué)  發(fā)音器官  音標(biāo)……寬式和嚴(yán)式標(biāo)音法  英語語音的分類  音系學(xué)和語音學(xué)  語音、音位、音位變體  音位對立、互補(bǔ)分部、最小對立  幾條音系規(guī)則  超切分特征  Two major media of munication: speech and writing  The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human munication and are of interest to linguistic studies are the phonic medium of language. 用于人類語言交際的聲音稱為語音,這些數(shù)目有限的一組語音構(gòu)成了語言的聲音媒介?! he scope of linguistics 語言學(xué)研究的范疇  Phonetics語音學(xué)\Phonology音系學(xué)\Morphology形態(tài)學(xué)\Syntax句法學(xué)\Semantics語義學(xué)\Pragmatics語用學(xué)\Sociolinguistics社會語言學(xué)\Psycholinguistics心理語言學(xué)\Applied linguistics應(yīng)用語言學(xué)  Prescriptive vs. descriptive 規(guī)定性與描述性  Descriptive:a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use.  Prescriptive: it aims lay down rules for correct behavior.  Modern linguistics is descriptive。語言學(xué)所要研究的不是某一種特定的語言,而是人類所有語言的特性。 knowledge of the rules of his language  Performance: the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic munication  What is language? 什么是語言?  Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human munication  Characteristics of language: 語言的特性  Language is a rulegoverned system  Language is basically vocal  Language is arbitrary (the fact different languages have different words for the same object is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language. This conventional nature of language is
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