英語語言學(xué)框架知識中文版(已修改)
2025-09-04 16:10 本頁面
【正文】 一、緒論 語言學(xué)的定義 語言學(xué)的研究范疇 幾對基本概念 語言的定義 語言的甄別特征 What is linguistics? 什么是語言學(xué)？ Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It studies not any particular language, but languages in general. 語言學(xué)是對語言科學(xué)地進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)科。語言學(xué)所要研究的不是某一種特定的語言，而是人類所有語言的特性?！ he scope of linguistics 語言學(xué)研究的范疇 Phonetics語音學(xué)\Phonology音系學(xué)\Morphology形態(tài)學(xué)\Syntax句法學(xué)\Semantics語義學(xué)\Pragmatics語用學(xué)\Sociolinguistics社會語言學(xué)\Psycholinguistics心理語言學(xué)\Applied linguistics應(yīng)用語言學(xué) Prescriptive vs. descriptive 規(guī)定性與描述性 Descriptive：a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use. Prescriptive: it aims lay down rules for correct behavior. Modern linguistics is descriptive。 its investigations are based on authentic, and mainly spoken data. Traditional grammar is prescriptive。 it is based on high written language Synchronic vs. diachronic 共時性與歷史性 The description of a language at some point in time is a synchronic study The description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study In modern linguistics, synchronic study seems to enjoy priority over diachronic study. Speech and writing 口頭語與書面語 Speech enjoys priority over writing in modern linguistics study for the following reasons: （1） speech precedes writing in terms of evolution ?。?） a large amount of munication is carried out in speech tan in writing （3） speech is the form in which infants acquire their native language Language and parole 語言與言語 Language refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech munity Parole refers to the realization of language in actual use Competence and performance 能力與運(yùn)用 Chomsky defines petence as the ideal users39。 knowledge of the rules of his language Performance: the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic munication What is language? 什么是語言？ Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human munication Characteristics of language: 語言的特性 Language is a rulegoverned system Language is basically vocal Language is arbitrary （the fact different languages have different words for the same object is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language. This conventional nature o
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