【正文】 control． And different strategies of macro regulation and control should be adopted according to the specific conditions of different countries. To urge a country to liberalize or open its capital market too quickly or to request an overflow of capital in the country would only result in what we call“more haste，less speed” and would only undermine the economy of the country now Mr Zhou Yousi also asked the question about human rights，I believe this is also a question of interest to many of you present here today，so l will say a few womds about it. Actually，of the foreign guests received by Chinese leaders．few failed to mention the question of human seems that without mentioning the question of human rights thev would find it dillicult to justify themselves after going back. But after so many repetitions regarding this question of human rights，I am really very reluctant to talk about this any more here I just want to mention one thing，that at my meeting with US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright during her recent visit to China，I told her that l started my struggle for the protection and preservation of human rights much earlier than she did．She asked,“Really？” That shows she did not quite agree with me. And then I replied,“Isn’t that the case？” I said I was l0 years older than she iswhen l took part in the movement for democracy，freedom and human rights against the Kuomintang government at the cost of my life，she was still in middle school. 我說我們?cè)谌藱?quán)的觀點(diǎn)上很多是一致的， 我在中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)就念了法國(guó)盧梭寫的《社會(huì)契約論》、《愛彌爾》、《懺悔錄》。因?yàn)橹袊?guó)幾千年是封建社會(huì)，還有過半封建半殖民地的歷史，中華人民共和國(guó)成立只有50年，50年怎么可能把所有問題都解決？但是我們?cè)敢饴犎「鞣矫娴囊庖姡貏e是聽取我國(guó)人民群眾的意見。我們?cè)谌藱?quán)方面的工作每天都有進(jìn)步。我們天天在努力健全我國(guó)的法制，保障中國(guó)人民的人權(quán)，我們會(huì)繼續(xù)做下去。為什么要搞TMD？據(jù)說是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)在東南沿海部署了600枚導(dǎo)彈，而過去只有幾十枚。美日建立TMD的另一個(gè)理由，就是說朝鮮民主主義人民共和國(guó)發(fā)射了導(dǎo)彈，在研制核武器，而中國(guó)沒有對(duì)它施加影響。但是這件事非常重要，它向全世界發(fā)出一個(gè)信息：中國(guó)政府不會(huì)為一個(gè)金融企業(yè)還債，如果這個(gè)債務(wù)不是由各級(jí)政府所擔(dān)保的話。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持快速發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在有1465億美元的外匯儲(chǔ)備，國(guó)際收支是平衡的，完全有能力償還債務(wù)，問題是這種債務(wù)是不是應(yīng)該由政府來償還。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在不還債不會(huì)割你的肉，但是那個(gè)債權(quán)銀行對(duì)你也不會(huì)善罷甘休。 你剛才說，這件事影響了一些日本銀行的債務(wù)，我感到遺憾。至于我何時(shí)能夠訪問日本，要通過外交途徑來商量。還有，在實(shí)施俄中簽署的一系列有關(guān)文件特別是經(jīng)貿(mào)協(xié)議方面，你認(rèn)為俄羅斯是否有足夠能力實(shí)施這些協(xié)議？ 俄羅斯支持中國(guó)反對(duì)TMD，但這并不是說，而且也沒有到研究如何對(duì)付TMD的時(shí)候，因此我們沒有談到這個(gè)問題。你們從電視里看到，葉利欽總統(tǒng)同我會(huì)見的時(shí)候把我的手拉過去放在他的胸口上，會(huì)談結(jié)束時(shí)，還有一個(gè)你們沒有看見，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候記者已經(jīng)退出去了。最近我應(yīng)普里馬科夫總理邀請(qǐng)?jiān)L問俄羅斯，并進(jìn)行了第四次中俄總理會(huì)晤。打個(gè)比方，如果我在香港打個(gè)電話給美國(guó)總統(tǒng)克林頓，每分鐘只要0．98港元，要是我打電話給您，每分鐘就要9．8港元，是10倍的價(jià)錢。首先，我們正在改革中國(guó)電信業(yè)體制，一個(gè)重要原則就是打破壟斷，鼓勵(lì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。香港銀行家趕快申請(qǐng)，申請(qǐng)得越早，批準(zhǔn)得越快。我們也將讓外國(guó)銀行在中國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)人民幣業(yè)務(wù)。我們知道通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)可以降低通話費(fèi)用，提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量。我們?nèi)〉昧撕芏喑晒?，主要是在?jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作方面簽訂了10幾個(gè)協(xié)定。我想我這一次訪問美國(guó)，也會(huì)受到同樣的接待，會(huì)受到熱烈的歡迎，而不是去闖“地雷陣”。我們中國(guó)與俄羅斯的關(guān)系也是很好的，雙方建立了戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系。 最明顯的一個(gè)例子是，中國(guó)在反對(duì)戰(zhàn)區(qū)導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)上與俄羅斯立場(chǎng)非常近似。關(guān)于訪日問題，去年是中日和平友好條約締結(jié)20周年，江澤民主席對(duì)日本進(jìn)行了成功的國(guó)事訪問，雙方本著“以史為鑒、面向未來”的精神，宣布建立致力于和平與發(fā)展的友好合作伙伴關(guān)系，這是符合中日兩國(guó)人民根本利益的。 但前提是各個(gè)債權(quán)銀行不要逼債，不要逼它們提前償還貸款，你逼急了，它就只好破產(chǎn)。s jnternal affairs. The reason given for the development of TMD is the allegation that China has deployed 600 missiles along the Taiwan Straits and that in the past only several dozen were deployed there. But I did not know that. How could you know that 600 missiles have been deployed？I did not know that．The deplopment of missiles falls under China’s sovereigntv and these missiles have by no means been targeted at our brothers and sisters in Taiwan. And it is not verv likely that we will use these missiles，or would treat their use very likely and easily. However，we could not but deploy the missiles．We hope to achieve peaceful reunification of the countrv. However，we cannot declare that we renounce the use of force in this regard because otherwise Taiwan would be in a state of perpetual separation from the motherland. Another reason given for developing TMD is that the DPRK has launched missiles and js doing research and development on nuclear weapons and that China has not exerted its jnfluence on the DPRK. Then I would ask how could you know that，why do I not know that？And how can we exert influence or how can we interfere in the DPRK which is an independent country？Just now l cited two underestimations,but here I think there is an overestimation of the socalled threat． As all those advanced weapons origjnate in the United States,then what is the need for the United States to be afraid of that, anything？ On the question of Gitic,I think this is also a question of interest to many of the press correspondents here. The application by Gitic for bankruptcy is an individual case in the course of financial reform in Chjna. But this incident is of great significance for it has sent a signal，a message to the entire world，which is that the Chinese Government wiIl not repay debts for financial institutions if the debts are not guaranteed by the governments at various levels in China. That is to say foreign banks and financial institutions need to perform risk analysis and act prudently and cautiously in extending loans to these financial firms． And I think that the view of dominant public opinion is that this Chinese approach is consistent with the principle of financial reform and international practice. I think some credit banks and financial institutions have been too pessimistic in their estimation and evaluation of this ncident in believing that China is experiencing a financial crisis and that China has no payment capabilities and that China is no longer creditworthy. I think that is going too far. China is maintaining rapid economic growth and has foreign exchange reserves of US $1 46．5 billion and also equilibrium in its balance of international China is fully capable of repay its debts. But the question is whether these debts should be repaid by the government．The answer is, of course，they should not． 同時(shí)，我也認(rèn)為，盡管你破產(chǎn)是合法、合情、合理的，你也不能隨便破產(chǎn)，不要破出甜頭來，大家都搞破產(chǎn)也不行。大多數(shù)輿論都認(rèn)為中國(guó)這種做法堅(jiān)持了金融改革的原則，符合國(guó)際慣例。我們不知道這件事，何況它是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家，我們?cè)趺茨芨深A(yù)？！既然世界上最先進(jìn)的武器都是從美國(guó)出來的，你還害怕什么呀？ 關(guān)于廣信問題，這是大家所關(guān)心的。我們不會(huì)輕易地使用導(dǎo)彈，但我們不能不部署，我們希望和平統(tǒng)一中國(guó)，也絕對(duì)不能承諾放棄使用武力。中國(guó)沒有法治？沒有民主？不是你們想的那樣。中國(guó)有12億5000萬人，天天都有犯罪分子，天天都在抓人，我不知道你說的是誰，單子給我去查查好嗎？剛剛閉幕的九屆全國(guó)人大二次會(huì)議通過了憲法修正案，增加了依法治國(guó)、建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家的內(nèi)容。 我們也愿意聽取國(guó)際友人的意見，因此我們有很多對(duì)話的渠道。 我們接受了中國(guó)“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響，“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng)就是為民主、科學(xué)而斗爭(zhēng)，所以后來我們?cè)诠伯a(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下一直是進(jìn)行著反對(duì)專制獨(dú)裁，反對(duì)反動(dòng)政權(quán)侵犯人權(quán)的斗爭(zhēng)，我們今天怎么可能反過來去壓制人權(quán)？而且只有我們才知道在中國(guó)如何才能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)保障人權(quán)。”她說：“是嗎？”表示她不同意我的意見。所有跟我們中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)見的外賓，很少有不談人權(quán)問題的，好像不