【正文】 the victims who moved at all were attempting to escape and were overe by smoke. Only two actually exited the dwelling (one returned).Movement speed is likely to have been affected by the intake of carbon monoxide and other gases prior to noticing the fire as well as by the other conditions present. In just over 75% of cases the victims were dead when located by firefighters (. were not hospitalized). Three quarters of those asleep and half of those awake did not move from the room in which they were originally located. This suggests that people asleep succumbed to the products of fire without waking or woke too late to take effective action. (An account from a survivor rescued unconscious from his room paints the likely scenario for the latter: woken by yells, was uncertain what to do, got a lungful of smoke and woke up in hospital.) The people awake who remained in the room where the fire started were three children playing with matches, two people in a gas explosion, three elderly people with restricted mobility 華北水利水電學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）32and a 29 year old with an extensive psychiatric history, an alcohol reading of g/100 ml and therapeutic levels of medication for depression. All nine were engaged in actions that brought them into direct contact with flames. Against the author’s expectations, no differences are discernible in relation either to being asleep or to cue reception and recognition for those with alcohol readings over with others in the 1875 year age group. The effect of alcohol on waking behaviour is presumably hidden because the group is being pared with other high risk groups whose response is similar. The effect of alcohol on waking response needs to be demonstrated through experimental evidence.There is considerable danger in retrospectively judging actions taken in response to awareness of fire when the viewpoint of the victim is absent (consider the misuse of panic as an explanation for behaviour in fire, particularly for nonsuccessful actions) but the data suggest that alcohol may impair judgement regarding appropriate seeing flames and being warned by outsiders. A cate action .Four inebriated people delayed their escape by attending to other taskscollecting items of personal value. (2), drinking, and fighting the fire. Focusing attention on an intermediate goal rather than on self preservation increases danger .The only other instances where escape was consciously delayed involve altruistic behaviour in family units where people were helping others and three 華北水利水電學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）33victims over 70 years who attempted to fight the fire, action that was inappropriate given their physical state and the fire conditions. (Fighting fires is an unusual response in these fires because of the stage of fire development at the time of discovery.) As it is not so unmon for people to take action which endangers their lives further, but which they remain unaware of even after the incident, the interrupting of evacuation may not be so unusual. If th。本文引用了數(shù)位學者的研究文獻，如果沒有各位學者的研究成果的幫助和啟發(fā)，我將很難完成本篇論文的寫作。致 謝歷時三個月的時間終于將這篇論文寫完，在論文的寫作過程中遇到了無數(shù)的困難和障礙，都在同學和老師的幫助下度過了。2 號樓梯間前室選用 GXF7D 軸流風機，轉速 1450r/min，功率 22Kw，送風量 19072~25104 m179。所以加壓風機選型：華北水利水電學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）281 號樓梯間選用 GXF7D 軸流風機，轉速 1450r/min，功率 22Kw，送風量 19072~25104 m179。/h，合用前室的送風量為 m179。取 ? v風口風速，取 7msPh=2 號樓梯間取地下一層為最不利點Ph=2 號樓梯間前室取地下一層為最不利點Ph=華北水利水電學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）273 號樓梯間取二層為最不利點Ph=2）沿程阻力計算 2felvpd??? 沿程阻力系數(shù)，取 ? 最不利風口距風機的距離，ml 風道的當量直徑， 。/h 系統(tǒng)管道計算1）采用金屬風道，V 應小于 20m/s，則風道面積：1 號樓梯間25000/(360020)=㎡，取 600mm600mm；2 號樓梯間16000/(360020)=㎡，取 500mm500mm；2 號樓梯間前室華北水利水電學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）26(360020)=㎡，取 500mm600mm；3 號樓梯間25000/(360020)=㎡，取 600mm600mm。3）3 號樓梯間L=A△P1/n3600=4501/23600=179。/h，根據(jù)規(guī)范，取風量為 16000 m179。L1 為樓梯間通過一扇關閉門進入該前室的風量。/h2ST?采用機械排煙，取背壓系數(shù)為 ，門洞風速為V=(36002)=＜因此要增加前室加壓送風量LS+LT+LL+LA=36002/=10800 m179。/h樓梯間的送風量為 179。/h則每層漏風量Ld=L/n=179。/h，故取加壓送風量 25000 m179。/h： ??1360YnFvbLa???式中 F——每個門的開啟面積， ㎡； v——開啟門洞處的平均風速，取 ~； a——修正系數(shù)，根據(jù)加壓間密封程度取 ~； b——漏風附加率，取 ~； n——同時開啟門的計算數(shù)量。1）1 號樓梯間計算方法有兩種，一為壓差法，一為風速法。 加壓送風量的計算本建筑層數(shù)為地上 12 層，地下 1 層，系統(tǒng)負擔層數(shù)小于 20 層，根據(jù)規(guī)范，防煙樓梯間單獨設置加壓送風系統(tǒng)時，加壓送風量為 25000~30000m179。5）防煙樓梯間和合用前室的機械加壓送風防煙系統(tǒng)宜分別獨立設置。4）機械加壓送風系統(tǒng)的加壓送風量應經(jīng)計算確定。當消防電梯前室不具備自然排煙條件時，應設置機械加壓送風系統(tǒng)。3）設置部位：；不具備自然排煙條件的樓梯間及采用可開啟外窗自然排煙的前室，應對樓梯間設置加壓送風系統(tǒng)。 機械防煙 機械防煙的一般規(guī)定1）設置目的：為了在建筑物發(fā)生火災時候提供不受煙氣干擾的疏散路線和避難場所。/h，選用 型風機，轉速 960r/min，功率 22Kw，風量 43537~64085m179。/h，全壓為 ，選用 型風機，轉速 2900r/min，功率 4Kw，風量 3120~12083m179。 阻力和全壓計算 2felvpd??? 沿程阻力系數(shù)，取 ? 最不利風口距風機的距離，ml 風道的當量直徑， 。/h取較大者，則 D 區(qū)排煙量為 m179。/h利用地下車庫入口自然補風；D 區(qū)為中庭式建筑，面積為 ㎡，按照面積計算為：QD=120= m179。當排煙風機及系統(tǒng)中設置有軟接頭時，該軟接頭應能在 280℃的環(huán)境條華北水利水電學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）18件下連續(xù)工作不少于 30 風機房內(nèi)。排煙口或排煙閥應與排煙風機連鎖，當任一排煙口或排煙閥開啟時，排煙風機應能自行啟動；，應設置手動和自動開啟裝置；，且與附近安全出口沿走道方向相鄰邊緣之間的最小水平距離不應小于 。，應同時設置補風系統(tǒng)。須設置機械排煙設施且室內(nèi)凈高小于 6m 的場所應劃分防煙分區(qū)；每層防煙分區(qū)的建筑面積不宜超過 500㎡，防煙分區(qū)不應跨越防火分區(qū)。自然排煙口距該防煙分區(qū)最遠點的水平距離不應超過 30m。則地下車庫劃分為兩個防煙分區(qū) A、B，一層咖啡廳為一個防煙分區(qū) C，一層餐廳和門廳及門廳上空劃分為一個防煙分區(qū) D，三層走道和男浴室劃分為一個防煙分區(qū) E，三層男更衣室和服務大廳劃分為一個防煙分區(qū) F，三層女浴室及更衣室劃分為一個防煙分區(qū) G，四層休息大廳，大廳及餐廳分別劃分為一個防煙分區(qū) H、I，六層會議室和健身房以及走道劃分為一個防煙分區(qū)J，十二層會議室和走道劃分為一個防煙分區(qū) K。防煙分區(qū)的劃分規(guī)則如下：（包括地下室）和走道，不劃分防煙分區(qū)（包括地下室）按規(guī)定都需要設置排煙設施時，可根據(jù)具體情況分設或合設排煙設施，并按分設或合設的情況劃分防煙分區(qū)。排煙管道應采取隔熱防火措施或與可燃物保持不小于 155mm 的距離。華北水利水電學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）133）下列場所應設置排煙設施： 300㎡的地上房間；人員、可燃物較多的丙類廠房或高度大于 32m 的高層廠房中長度大于 20m 的內(nèi)走道；任一層建筑面積大于 5000㎡的丁類廠房； 1000㎡的丙類倉庫；，且建筑面積大于 300㎡的地上房間；公共建筑中長度大于 20m 的內(nèi)走道；；、二、三層且房間建筑面積大于 200㎡或設置在四層及四層以上或地下、半地下的歌舞娛樂放映游藝場所； 200㎡或一個房間建筑面積大于 50㎡且經(jīng)常有人停留或可燃物較多的地下、半地下建筑或地下室、半地下室； 40m 的疏散走道。當采用防火墻確有困難時，可采用防火卷簾等防火分隔設施分隔。自動噴水滅火系統(tǒng)設計應符合現(xiàn)行國家標準《自動噴水滅火系統(tǒng)設計規(guī)范》GB50084 的有關規(guī)定，但其火災延續(xù)時間不應小于 。3）當多層建筑物內(nèi)設置自動扶梯、敞開樓梯等上下層相連通的開口時，其防火分區(qū)面積應按上下